The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches that there is much more than a literal understanding to be grasped from Holy Scripture:
According to an ancient tradition, one can distinguish between two senses of Scripture: the literal and the spiritual, the latter being subdivided into the allegorical, moral and anagogical senses.–CCC 115.
The Catholic Church also warns her faithful that we do not accept a literalist approach to Scripture, like that of many Fundamentalist Christians who believe the Bible is literally true about every subject, including science:
We do not look upon the Bible as an authority for science or history. We see truth in the Bible as not to be reduced solely to literal truth, but also to include salvation truths expressed in varied literary forms.–Pastoral Statement For Catholics On Biblical Fundamentalism, National Conference of Catholic Bishops, March 26, 1987.
Catholics read each book of Scripture on its own terms, basing their understanding on the intent of the authors and the type of narrative they employed under divine inspiration.