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Why is the JST different from the Book of Mormon?
Main article: Joseph Smith Translation as a restoration of the original Bible text
The Joseph Smith Translation of the Bible is not, as some members have presumed, simply a restoration of lost Biblical text or an improvement on the translation of known text. Rather, the JST also involves harmonization of doctrinal concepts, commentary and elaboration on the Biblical text, and explanations to clarify points of importance to the modern reader. (See main article on the nature of the JST for a more detailed discussion.)
Thus, the Book of Mormon is likely a relatively “tight” translation of the Nephite records, with the focus on the important differences between the Nephite textual tradition and the Masoretic text.
By contrast, the JST comes from a more prophetically mature and sophisticated Joseph Smith, and provides doctrinal expansion based upon additional revelation, experience, and understanding.
It is important to remember that Joseph did not consider one ‘translation’ of anything to be perfect or ‘the final word.’ Joseph had indicated that Moroni quoted Malachi to him using different wording than the KJV (See Joseph Smith History 1:36–39). However, when Joseph quoted the same passage years later in a discussion about vicarious baptism for the dead, he said:
I might have rendered a plainer translation to this, but it is sufficiently plain to suit my purpose as it stands. It is sufficient to know, in this case, that the earth will be smitten with a curse unless there is a welding clink of some kind or other between the fathers and the children, upon some subject or other-and behold what is that subject? It is the baptism. for the dead.(D&C 128:18.)
Thus, to Joseph, the adequacy of a translation depended upon the uses to which a given text will be employed. For one discussion, the KJV was adequate; for others, not. A key element of LDS theology is that living prophets are the primary instrument through which God continues to give knowledge and understanding to his children. Scriptures are neither inerrant, nor somehow “perfect,” but are instead produced by fallible mortals. Despite this, because of current prophets and the revelation granted each individual, the writings of past prophets are sufficient to teach the principles essential for salvation. Additional revelation is sought and received as required.
An Example
There is a great example of this kind of difference in the Lord’s prayer. Compare the following:
And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil (Book of Mormon).
And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil (KJV Bible).
And suffer us not to be led into temptation, but deliver us from evil (JST Bible).
The JST changes the statement to passive voice whereas the KJV Bible and the Book of Mormon are in active voice. According to E. W. Bullinger, this particular scripture contains a Hebraism, namely, “active verbs were used by the Hebrews to express not the doing of the thing, but the permission of the thing which the agent is said do.” Consequently, Bullinger interprets the passage this way: “Lead us not (i.e., suffer us not to be led) into temptation.” [7]
Adam Clarke agrees with Bullinger. He wrote this scripture means “‘Bring not in,’ or ‘lead us not into.’ (This is a mere Hebraism. God is said to do a thing which He only permits or suffers to be done).” [8]
In Barnes’ Notes on the New Testament we read the same interpretation. “This phrase then must be used in the sense of permitting. Do not suffer us or permit us, to be tempted to sin. In this it is implied that God 'has such control over us and the tempter, as to save us from it if we call on him.” [9]
When properly considered, this passage is an example of where the JST reading and the KJV/Book of Mormon are both correct. The KJV and Book of Mormon are literal interpretations while the JST is an interpretive translation that is also correct.
I knew why you took the name “Sunstone” for a reason. I always enjoyed the old one in the Nauvoo park. Welcome.