Also, if someone else would care to answer this for me.
It seems as if the whole “baptism of desire” and “baptism of blood” theory would contradict some pretty weighty statements of old:
Pope Eugene IV, “Cantate Domino,” Council of Florence, ex cathedra: “No one, whatever almsgiving he has practiced, even if he has shed blood for the name of Christ, can be saved, unless he has persevered within the bosom and unity of the Catholic Church.
.”
Eugene IV declares that I have to persevere in my union with the Church. If I consciously leave the Church, while knowing she is His Church, and do not come back home, the Church cannot see how I can be saved ( but by the mysterious mercy of the Lord ). That has not to do with baptismus flaminis. Furthermore, if you consider “baptismus flaminis”, or baptism of desire, as an invisible sort of union with the Church, than you can hardly consider IMHO anything in Cantate Domino as contradicting it.
St. Ambrose, De mysteriis, 390-391 A.D.:
“You have read, therefore, that the three witnesses in Baptism are one: water, blood, and the spirit; and if you withdraw any one of these, the Sacrament of Baptism is not valid. For what is water without the cross of Christ? A common element without any sacramental effect. Nor on the other hand is there any mystery of regeneration without water: for ‘unless a man be born again of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God.’ [John 3:5] Even a catechumen believes in the cross of the Lord Jesus, by which also he is signed; but, unless he be baptized in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, he cannot receive the remission of sins nor be recipient of the gift of spiritual grace.
Coming to Ambrose, as already mentioned in the present thread, he openly teaches “baptism of desire” as well as “baptism of blood” * But even for a long time he had this desire that … he should be baptized… Surely because he asked, he received, and hence there is the Scripture: ‘The just man by whatsoever death he may be overtaken, his soul shall be at rest’… If [martyrs] are washed in their own blood, his devotedness and intention washed him" (De obitu Valentiniani consolatio).* Do then the quotations you offered show schizofrenia or anything like that ? Now, in De mysteriis, On Sacraments, he speaks about…sacraments, namely about baptism in the quoted passage. Water baptism, which is a sacrament. ( Baptism of desire, let’s remember, is not a Sacrament. ) The sentence you underlined means IMHO that we have no mystery, or sacrament, of regenaration without physical water. And that is what the Church would consistently teach: no water no sacrament of regeneration. In the light of Ambrose’s belief that “devotedness and intention” wash, and in the given sacramental context, we could read in the passage from On Sacraments, that what for sure catechumens lack is sacramental remission.
St. Ambrose, The Duties of Clergy, 391 A.D.:
“Unless a man be born again of water and the Holy Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God.’ No one is excepted: not the infant, not the one prevented by some necessity
Here we have simply to look at the sentence that follows ( which I wonder why is so often omitted in the cybersphere ) * No one is excepted, not
……the infant, not the one prevented by some necessity. They may, however,
have an undisclosed exemption from punishments; but I do not know
whether they have the honor of the kingdom." *The
latter sentence makes it clear he means that, whereas the Scriptural utterance
expresses no exception, Ambrose does not exclude that
exceptions, e.g. state of infancy or actual impossibility or non-culpable ignorance may have been presumed. I hope this can help. God bless you Rogare.
