What do you mean by something being authoritative? Isn’t the statement by St. Augustine authoritative that God allows you to whip “your slave living badly” and indeed is “angry” if you don’t? He was, after all, a “Doctor of the Church.”
Did St. Augustine bind other Christians to agree with said statement?
Now I observe that, whereas the Vatican Council has determined that the Pope is infallible only when he speaks ex cathedra, and that, in order to speak ex cathedra, he must at least speak “as exercising the office of Pastor and Doctor of all Christians, defining, by virtue of his Apostolical authority, a doctrine whether of faith or of morals for the acceptance of the universal Church” {316} (though Mr. Gladstone strangely says, p. 34, “There is no established or accepted definition of the phrase ex cathedra”), from this Pontifical and dogmatic explanation of the phrase it follows, that, whatever Honorius said in answer to Sergius, and whatever he held, his words were not ex cathedra, and therefore did not proceed from his infallibility.
I say so first, because he could not fulfil the above conditions of an ex cathedra utterance, if he did not actually mean to fulfil them. The question is unlike the question about the Sacraments; external and positive acts, whether material actions or formal words, speak for themselves. Teaching on the other hand has no sacramental visible signs; it is an opus operantis, and mainly a question of intention. Who would say that the architriclinus at the wedding-feast who said, “Thou hast kept the good wine until now,” was teaching the Christian world, though the words have a great ethical and evangelical sense? What is the worth of a signature, if a man does not consider he is signing? The Pope cannot address his people East and West, North and South, without meaning it, as if his very voice, the sounds from his lips, could literally be heard from pole to pole; nor can he exert his “Apostolical authority” without knowing he is doing so; nor can he draw up a form of words and use care and make an effort in doing so accurately, without intention to do so; and, therefore, no words of Honorius proceeded from his prerogative of infallible teaching, which were not accompanied with the intention of exercising that prerogative; and who will dream of saying, be he Anglican, Protestant, unbeliever, or on {317} the other hand Catholic, that Honorius on the occasion in question did actually intend to exert that infallible teaching voice which is heard so distinctly in the Quanta cura and the Pastor Æternus?
- from Newman’s letter to the Duke of Norfolk