Buddhism, Hinduism and Christianity fitting together?

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Hi Fone Bone: It’s good to see someone who understands that. It is possible in Hinduism to see all religions as part of a continuum. In fact, many of the Hindi saints in the past few centuries at least have seen it that way.

Your friend
Sufjon
Hi Sufjon,

I’m glad you’re still here. I’ve been reading post after post saying that Hinduism is pantheistic. Of course, these posts have been made by people who aren’t Hindu.

I remember reading earlier in the thread where you made it clear that Hinduism is not pantheistic, that God is much more than just the universe and is not limited in any way. Maybe panentheism? If so, there’s a huge difference. Panentheism can be compatible with Christian thought.

I wonder if I can get you to expand on the subject of pantheism/panentheism a little more in regards to Hinduism.

Your friend,
Xuan
 
Why? I know this is the Christian assumption but it is not the Buddhist assumption. You are going to have to show me reason for this.
For the record, I don’t think what he said (it must have been “created by a higher intelligence”) is a Christian assumption. Christian theology rejects the divine command theory - i.e. the notion that “a thing is good because the gods command it,” to use the description from Plato’s Euthyphro - as much as every other competent philosophy.

I fully acknowledge our differences on the source of morality, rossum, but I hope you’ll believe me when I attempt to distance our Christian faith from some of the more philosophically simplistic positions in replies in this thread.
Hi Fone Bone: It’s good to see someone who understands that. It is possible in Hinduism to see all religions as part of a continuum. In fact, many of the Hindi saints in the past few centuries at least have seen it that way.

Your friend
Sufjon
Hello Sufjon!

If I may ask, what do you make of Contarini’s response to that, though - he said that that may not be true from the Buddhist perspective…
in Christianity, accepting the Holy Spirit leads to a profound understanding of the unimportance of the material world
How can the material world be unimportant from the Christian view? Yes, I know that “it is the spirit that gives life, while the flesh is of no avail” (John 6) and all that, but if the material world is “unimportant” in Christianity, how do you account for the centrality of the Incarnation, of the Resurrection, and of the yet-to-be resurrection of the dead?
Words are funny things, and we should be open to the fact that different words can mean the same thing.
I agree, and I am, but I see no reason to believe that “accepting the Holy Spirit” (according to the Christian understanding) is comparable to or leads to “nirvana” (from the Buddhist understanding).

You’ve merely asserted it, and in light of the important differences between the two faiths, your arguments only solidify the impression you first gave: that your position is merely a conflation of caricatures of the two religions that does justice to neither. I know that sounds harsh, and I don’t want to be mean, but I think you need to see that if you hope to take Christianity or Buddhism at all seriously.
Hi Sufjon,

I’m glad you’re still here. I’ve been reading post after post saying that Hinduism is pantheistic. Of course, these posts have been made by people who aren’t Hindu.

I remember reading earlier in the thread where you made it clear that Hinduism is not pantheistic, that God is much more than just the universe and is not limited in any way. Maybe panentheism? If so, there’s a huge difference. Panentheism can be compatible with Christian thought.

I wonder if I can get you to expand on the subject of pantheism/panentheism a little more in regards to Hinduism.

Your friend,
Xuan
Some of those posts were mine, and I’m still skeptical that you guys are working with an accurate definition of “pantheism,” which I see no reason to suppose confines its conception of “the universe” or “the world” with “the material world.”

That said, I can perhaps see that panentheism’s more precise formulation corresponds less ambiguously to Hindu beliefs.

May I ask you a somewhat unrelated question, Xuan? You say “panentheism can be compatible with Christian thought.” I disagree, though I could be wrong. Do you really think panentheism can be compatible with transcendent Judaic monotheism? I suppose it could be some form of weak panentheism which takes God’s way of existing in the world as an incredibly closely bound immanence, but is divine immanence alone enough to justify labeling such a concept “panentheism”?
 
I find that to be an inadequate picture of pantheism, which doesn’t have to be materialist - i.e. it needn’t maintain that all that exists is matter and energy.
Philosophically, you are correct. Pantheism need not be materialistic. But, historically, in Western culture, pantheism has been mostly defined in materialistic fashion. So to claim that Hinduism is “pantheistic” (without further clarification), in a Western cultural context, would be extremely misleading.
The notion of a spiritual realm - or a at least the existence or grounding of some spiritual being (“being” in the broad, ontological sense here) - need not be incompatible with pantheism.
Sure, if you want to define the “all” (the “pan-” in “pantheism”) as including both the matter/energy realm, as well as any spiritual realm, then you can define this sort of pantheism to mean that God is both the material cosmos and the spiritual cosmoi.

But Brahman is ultimately beyond any realm, whether material or spiritual, so even this new definition of pantheism would not fit what/who Brahman is.
 
Some of those posts were mine, and I’m still skeptical that you guys are working with an accurate definition of “pantheism,” which I see no reason to suppose confines its conception of “the universe” or “the world” with “the material world.”

That said, I can perhaps see that panentheism’s more precise formulation corresponds less ambiguously to Hindu beliefs.

May I ask you a somewhat unrelated question, Xuan? You say “panentheism can be compatible with Christian thought.” I disagree, though I could be wrong. Do you really think panentheism can be compatible with transcendent Judaic monotheism? I suppose it could be some form of weak panentheism which takes God’s way of existing in the world as an incredibly closely bound immanence, but is divine immanence alone enough to justify labeling such a concept “panentheism”?
Hi Fone Bone 2001,

The subject was discussed here on CAF a few years ago. Here is a link to the thread:
forum.catholic.com/showthread.php?t=62122
Apparently there are a number of slightly different meanings assigned to the term. Also I’ve seen a couple of hard-core Catholics on the philosophy forum voice an openness to the concept. I’m not a philosopher, though, so I can’t get into any real detail.

Xuan

Edit. I just tried the link and it didn’t work. I’ll see if I can do it again. It was from 2005.
 
But this is just the problem with your position. How can you know to what extent it is imperfect if everything is deceptive.
I take my best shot at it with the information I have to hand. If I waited for 100% accuracy then I would never act at all.
When I said that you are therefore an illusion if everything is an illusion, you said no, the illussion is in our heads but it is the material world that is deceptive.
The material world exists. Because our senses are imperfect we can never know precisely what it is really like. We build a model of the real world inside our heads, using the imperfect information available to us through our senses. Inevitably that model is itself imperfect, and in constant need of updating as we discover its errors.

Delusion is to mistake that model inside our heads for the reality outside. They are two different things.
So if an action engenders suffering it is therefore evil?
An unwise action results in suffering. If you wish to avoid suffering then avoid unwise actions. A wise action results in happiness. If you wish for happiness then follow wise actions.
But this is exactly what I have been saying all along about Buddhist principle - the mind determines conditons, truth is not objective.
I am afraid you seem to have misunderstood the quote. Our mind determines our actions. Actions bring results. Wise actions bring happiness. Unwise actions bring suffering. The quote is about how our actions are driven by our mind and the results of those actions.

rossum
 
What is common in all religion is that THEY ARE ALL SEARCHING FOR GOD. That is why there are some elements like morality which are common to all. The only reason that elevates the Catholic Church is that this religion is God’s ANSWER to that SEARCH.
God made all sorts of people. He reveals Himself to them in as many ways. The Catholic Church is the way He reveals Himself to you. In our scriptures Gos says that “nothing is ever lost unto me. All things belong to me and all returns to me because all things are precious to me.” As for people taking different paths, He says:

““It is better to strive in one’s own path than to succeed in the path of another. Nothing is ever lost in following one’s own path.” -Bhagavad Gita.

If you are searching for God, you will find Him. I am certain that your Church will help you to do that on what level you are capable, but you should take into account that all capabilities of seeing God are not on the same level at a given time. Each person is in a different developmental stage of spiritual growth, but all are acceptable to God. It is probably also best not to speculate on the veracity of one’s own faith vs the truth of another’s, or to assume that yours is necessarily a more direct path. If you look at the whole of the human experience, and God’s relationships with His various creations you may find that it’s possible that you could learn something from those whose faith you thought lesser of than your own.

“Truly I understand that God shows no partiality, but in every nation anyone who fears him and does what is right is acceptable to him." -Saint Peter. Acts, 10:34-35

Your friend,
Sufjon
 
An unwise action results in suffering. If you wish to avoid suffering then avoid unwise actions. A wise action results in happiness. If you wish for happiness then follow wise actions.
I will have to limit my response to this small section of your post for the meantime.

So therefore if an action results in suffering, then it is an unwise action?
 
That doesn’t make sense
Actually it does if you re-trace the discussion.
Christians never claimed that the material world is deceptive and that the most we can hope for is say 80% certainty. This statement by itself is illogical. If everything is deceptive then we don’t even know if the 80% we say we know is correct at all.
This is why Rossum cannot use that argument about the Bible. Christian logic doesn’t even go along that track. We have never said that everything is deceptive so we can only hold on to 80% certainty about the Bible.We say there is an objective truth by which we can gauge if something is not quite what it seems.

That is why ,what I was trying to show him is the error of that assumption, that one can claim to know good and good results when everything is deceptive.
Cast your mind back to those horror movies where the aliens or the evil ones take the form of humans and they live among the community. Since everything is deceptive, then you have no way of knowing who is and is not an evil alien. You cannot even say 80% or 20% or whatever percent because you do not know how many of them are because everything is deceptive.
We know how these movies end. They’ve been battling the aliens and they finally think they’ve got them beaten and the hero goes to bed for the night with his family, satisfied at a job well done. But then the camera pans to the wife who is now morphing into an alien and then shows the other rooms where the children are asleep. They have a slightly change nose or eyes or whatever part to indicate that they were in fact also aliens.
 
Yes, it is, because he clarified that by “deceptive” he means “not 100% reliable.”
But if deceptive means not 100% reliable, then on what does he base that reliability.

Let’s refer this back to the question of good or evil and maybe you can tell me where reliability fits in.

The premise is that our idea of good or evil is deceptive (that is, not 100% reliable)

How do we determine with part of that not 100% reliable perceptiion is right about the whether it is good or evil?

A man murders the girl he is fixated on because she will have nothing to do with him. So we make an assesment of this act. Is it good or evil? If our assesment of this act is not 100% reliable then how do we come to a conclusion about it? Is is 80% reliable? If so, which part? How do we know it is 80% not 20%.
Yes, he can, because he defined “deceptive” in terms of percentages of reliability.
But where do you base that reliability?
I see the point you’re making: if you don’t know for sure which of your perceptions are reliable, where can you start. But to use William Abraham’s terminology, I think you’re assuming “hard rationalism” where “soft rationalism” makes more sense.
But this is not about soft nor hard rationalism. This is just a question of how do you tell? If you say that something is a certain percentage reliable, it is because you have some kind of objective measure. Where do you find that in Buddhism?
 
This is not the same as “to each his own.” I have read the church documents regarding this issue. All it’s saying is that those people who had no way of knowing or understanding the gospel because of some factor that kept it from them cannot be held responsible for their unbelief. In such cases, they will be judged for how well they followed the truth as they know it. This makes perfect sense.** It does not in any way take away the fact that faith in Christ and his Church are necessary for salvation, or our obligation to share our faith with others (through acts of charity, yes, but also through evangelization). It is through Christ that we are saved, and faith in Him is necessary. If you honestly read scripture, the writings of the church and of the saints, you couldn’t deny this**.
Brilliant.👍👍👍 I hope that people can see the very clear distinction there.

They seem to equate the blue bit with “all faiths are the same”.
 
I take my best shot at it with the information I have to hand. If I waited for 100% accuracy then I would never act at all.
But since you have no way of knowing, then the accurracy is probably at .0001%.

You see, your problem is not so much the percentages but the assumption that one can determine good or evil based on percentages of reliability of perception.
The material world exists. Because our senses are imperfect we can never know precisely what it is really like.
I would like to redirect this back to the original question of good and evil and ask you how that relates to what you are saying here.

In this imperfect perception, how do we determine what is good or evil?
We build a model of the real world inside our heads, using the imperfect information available to us through our senses. Inevitably that model is itself imperfect, and in constant need of updating as we discover its errors.
Sorry, but I don’t know how this relates to our determination of what is good and what is evil.
 
Buddhism is simple:To avoid all evil,
to cultivate good,
and to cleanse one’s mind -
this is the teaching of the Buddhas.
  • Dhammapada 14:5
    Some of the problems in this discussion is of people talking past one another because they work from different assumptions. Christians ask questions about things that are important in Christianity but of little relevance to Buddhism, and vice versa.
Christianity is an orthodoxy - right belief. Buddhism is an orthopraxy - right action. The details of belief in heavens, gods, hells etc. are not particularly important in Buddhism. What is important is to avoid evil, to cultivate good and to meditate.

rossum
Many, including myself, have said that Judaism (at least Reform Judaism, but even Torah Judaism, mislabeled Orthodox Judaism) is more an orthoprax religion than an orthodox faith. True, there are faith-based beliefs, but no detailed creed. Right action in the form of good deeds and prayer is more to the point, and those actions are what Torah teaching is all about: “The ultimate is not studying but the doing.” This may seem strange to those who look at Judaism as belief in a set of legalistic rituals; but actually those rituals are right actions that enable us to avoid evil and cultivate good. There is also a keen sense of the here and now in Judaism which is reminiscent of Buddhism.
 
God made all sorts of people. He reveals Himself to them in as many ways. The Catholic Church is the way He reveals Himself to you. In our scriptures Gos says that “nothing is ever lost unto me. All things belong to me and all returns to me because all things are precious to me.” As for people taking different paths, He says:

““It is better to strive in one’s own path than to succeed in the path of another. Nothing is ever lost in following one’s own path.” -Bhagavad Gita.

If you are searching for God, you will find Him. I am certain that your Church will help you to do that on what level you are capable, but you should take into account that all capabilities of seeing God are not on the same level at a given time. Each person is in a different developmental stage of spiritual growth, but all are acceptable to God. It is probably also best not to speculate on the veracity of one’s own faith vs the truth of another’s, or to assume that yours is necessarily a more direct path. If you look at the whole of the human experience, and God’s relationships with His various creations you may find that it’s possible that you could learn something from those whose faith you thought lesser of than your own.

“Truly I understand that God shows no partiality, but in every nation anyone who fears him and does what is right is acceptable to him." -Saint Peter. Acts, 10:34-35

Your friend,
Sufjon
Beautifully stated, Sufjon. And great wisdom and truth in the assertion of the Bhagavad Gita.
 
I will have to limit my response to this small section of your post for the meantime.

So therefore if an action results in suffering, then it is an unwise action?
Knowing your tendency to take non-absolute statements as absolute I will ask you first exactly which action that results in suffering you are thinking of. The actions of a doctor may result in suffering for her patient, setting a bone for example, yet not be unwise actions. Intention is important. Look back at the two verses from the Dhammapada that I quoted; the state of mind is part of the action.

rossum
 
But since you have no way of knowing, then the accurracy is probably at .0001%.
Doubtful. Our senses may not be perfect, but they are not that unreliable. We manage to survive in the world so there is a basic level of reliability there.
I would like to redirect this back to the original question of good and evil and ask you how that relates to what you are saying here.
In this imperfect perception, how do we determine what is good or evil?
As best we can. We can only work with the information we have available.
Sorry, but I don’t know how this relates to our determination of what is good and what is evil.
It doesn’t. It relates to why we have imperfect information about the world.

rossum
 
Knowing your tendency to take non-absolute statements as absolute I will ask you first exactly which action that results in suffering you are thinking of. The actions of a doctor may result in suffering for her patient, setting a bone for example, yet not be unwise actions. Intention is important. Look back at the two verses from the Dhammapada that I quoted; the state of mind is part of the action.

rossum
How do you explain the suffering of the good hearted, wise and innocent man, like Job?

Or people who become martyrs for the faith?
 
“Truly I understand that God shows no partiality, but in every nation anyone who fears him and does what is right is acceptable to him." -Saint Peter. Acts, 10:34-35

Your friend,
Sufjon
And this of course is true. It says that those who fear God is acceptable to Him. It says nothing about all religions being equal and all paths the same.
 
Doubtful. Our senses may not be perfect, but they are not that unreliable. We manage to survive in the world so there is a basic level of reliability there.
But again what does that have to do with the question of good and evil. Surviving the world is not the issue here.
As best we can. We can only work with the information we have available.
But that answers nothing. As best we can does not answer the HOW? How do we determine what is good or evil based on this imperfect perception? As your quote from the Dhammapada says, mind precedes. How does the mind know if the mind is full of illusion?
It relates to why we have imperfect information about the world.
But that is not what our discussion is about. It is about the determination of what is good or evil.
 
How do you explain the suffering of the good hearted, wise and innocent man, like Job?
Look at his actions in previous lifetimes.

One of the Buddha’s principal disciples, Moggallāna, was killed by bandits. In a previous life he had killed his parents so in his last life (he was an arhat) he suffered the remaining consequences of his previous actions.

rossum
 
How do we determine what is good or evil based on this imperfect perception?
I cannot remember if I have quoted the Kalama sutta in this thread yet:[The Buddha said:] Kalamas, when you yourselves know: ‘These things are bad; these things are blameable; these things are censured by the wise; undertaken and observed, these things lead to harm and ill,’ abandon them. … Kalamas, when you yourselves know: ‘These things are good; these things are not blameable; these things are praised by the wise; undertaken and observed, these things lead to benefit and happiness,’ enter on and abide in them."
  • Kalama sutta, Anguttara Nikaya, 3.65
    In short: “By their fruits shall you know them.”
rossum
 
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