I thought the only “alone” we did agree on was grace alone-although not without our cooperation.
That is precisely why the Church never calls it “grace alone”. Because our cooperation and participation is required. The Catholic equivalent of “grace alone” is “all is grace”. Which means that even the faith with which we cooperate and participate in our salvation is a God given grace.
Note that even St. Paul doesn’t say Grace alone. He says “grace THROUGH faith”
Ephesians 2:8
For by grace you are saved through faith, and that not of yourselves, for it is the gift of God;
Meaning that faith is also a gift of God, a grace. Ironically, faith is also a work. It is the work of God which WE must do to be saved:
John 6:
[27] Labour not for the meat which perisheth, but for that which endureth unto life everlasting, which the Son of man will give you. For him hath God, the Father, sealed.
[28] They said therefore unto him:
What shall we do, that we may work the works of God?
[29] Jesus answered, and said to them: This is the work of God, that you believe in him whom he hath sent.
OK, sorry, I thought extra nos meant outside of our own efforts. But the way it’s used here as in “Justitia Dei extra nos” or “Justitia Christi extra nos” it’s referring to imputed righteousness-an external righteousness to be sure- and has nothing to do with our own efforts or works. In fact the Reformers would strictly deny we have anything to do with the righteousness God is said to impute to us.
Justitia Christi extra nos is not the same as Justitia Dei extra nos. You are correct in your description of the Reformers definition of that term.
In another article, the Catholic Encyclopedia explains:
By this, however, we do not assert that the “justitia Dei extra nos” is of no importance in the process of justification. For, even if it is not the formal cause of justification (
causa formalis), it is nevertheless its
true exemplar (
causa exemplaris), inasmuch as the
soul receives a
sanctity in imitation of
God’s own
holiness.
newadvent.org/cathen/08573a.htm
Here is what Trent says about St Paul’s comments on the relationship of faith to justification:
**And whereas the Apostle saith, that man is justified by faith and freely, those words are to be understood in that sense which the perpetual consent of the Catholic Church hath held and expressed; to wit, that we are therefore said to be justified by faith, because faith is the beginning of human salvation, the foundation, and the root of all Justification; without which it is impossible to please God, and to come unto the fellowship of His sons: but we are therefore said to be justified freely, because that none of those things which precede justification-whether faith or works-merit the grace itself of justification. For, if it be a grace, it is not now by works, otherwise, as the same Apostle says, grace is no more grace. **
I’ve been reviewing Session 6, Trent’s treatise on justification, and I think it requires a great deal of reflection to understand correctly.
I agree. There’s a great deal more about justification in Session 6 though. This for instance, describes Sacramental justification, specifically in Baptism:
**CHAPTER IV
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE JUSTIFICATION OF THE SINNER AND ITS MODE IN THE STATE OF GRACE
**In which words is given a brief description of the justification of the sinner, as being a translation from that state in which man is born a child of the first Adam, to the state of grace and of the adoption of the sons of God through the second Adam, Jesus Christ, our Savior.
This translation however cannot, since promulgation of the Gospel, be effected except through the laver of regeneration or its desire, as it is written:
Unless a man be born again of water and the Holy Ghost, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.[18]
Sorry, my response was too long, I’ll have to cut it in two. To be continued: