Khawk is offering an important insight into the conflicts between American Catholics. I would add here a few historical facts and some personal experiences that the average layman does not know.
American sisters were not well educated. Most of them never went beyond high school. Theology was not allowed in convents of sisters. The only women religious who could study theology were nuns; but nuns have little or no contact with the laity. Theology was part of their on-going formation. While teaching sisters, had basic catechism. They couldn’t explain it any better than their students could explain it.
Many of these women came from Ireland, Germany and France. In Germany and France, Catholics were under fire from secularist sources. The Irish poor who immigrated to the USA were not welcome. Later, the Italians came and they too were unwelcome. Sisters came from Italy to serve them. What we had was a ghetto mentality. “Us” vs “Them”.
We also have to remember that the early Protestants and Jews who came to the USA were also running away from discrimination. Put all of these folks together and what do you get? You get a nation of people who are antagonistic toward each other, who cooperate in order to survive as a nation, but that’s as far as they’re willing to go.
American sisters were very attached to the martyrs, because they could identify with these men and women who were persecuted for their faith and their culture. Unfortunately, they were not well educated in ascetical theology, did not understand the theology of martyrdom, the history of the martyrs and they received very little guidance from the clergy and male religious who were the educated Catholics. It’s no surprise that these sisters developed a hard shell and presented martyrdom in a militant light. They did not understand the whole concept of Church Militant beyond what they read in the catechism, whereas their male counterparts were well versed in these matters.
Very early in my religious life, I was sent to the missions in the Amazon. We worked along with sisters from Spain and South America. I was very touched by their gentleness. They were very informal, friendly, nurturing, and motherly. The American missionary sisters who arrived ended up in Liberation Theology and all kinds of trouble. I believe it happened, because they could not shed the combative spirit that had been drilled into them in American Catholic schools. Meanwhile, their South American and Spanish counterparts worked for the poor without getting involved in some socio-political campaign.
I was very stunned when I arrived in Italy to go to school for theology. By that time, American sisters were starting to go for graduate degrees, including theology degrees. They were studying in European universities alongside us guys. They usually lived with local sisters. One day a sister from Nigeria approached me. She seemed very uncomfortable. I encouraged her to speak her mind. She was also a Franciscan. She whispered, “Sometimes I feel that the sisters from the United States look down on the rest of us. They have an air of authority.” I looked at her and said, “You mean they’re arrogant.” The sister was very embarrassed. I thought it was funny. I had to explain to her that our sisters had a very different background and how many of them were the daughters of immigrants and how they grew up in Catholic ghettos, which fostered a combative posture and that they were really very holy women who were taught to be on guard from early childhood.
She was fascinated and wanted to know why the American priests and brothers were different. I had to think about it for a minute. I finally figured it had to do with education. Diocesan priests and religious brothers were allowed to get higher education. They were exposed to many people from different countries, different religious communities and dioceses, even different faiths. They had outgrown the ghetto. That was the only explanation that I could offer.
The long and the short of it is that in our dialogue, be it about the form of the mass or planning a ministry, we must be sensitive to people’s background and understand that they are not always being mean and nasty. They are usually being skittish. People come to the table with a history. With patience and charity, we can get past the apprehensions and talk to each other.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF