I thought the Roman Catholic Church was the only church Christ founded with St. Peter as the Rock. Even his bones are in Rome. What other churches are in communion with Rome?
The Orthodox and Catholic church was in communion for most of the first millennium, and consisted of multiple patriarchies.
There is a schism separating what we call the “Oriental Orthodox” who didn’t make it to Chalcedon on time and were condemned by that council which simply didn’t understand the language in their theology.
Then schism between the Eastern and Western parts of the church proceeded from the 11th to 14th century, and continues to this day.
There are some “Uniate” churches formed to take in Orthodox who wanted to enter communion with Rome, such as the Russian Catholics. There are a couple of churches that never left communion, such as the Italo/Greco/Albanian byzantines, almost in the shadow of Rome, and the Maronites, who simply lost communication for centuries due to Muslim invaders.
There are other Churches that never formerly broken communion with Rome but fell out on the eastern side of the split, such as the Ukrainian church, which reentered communion under the Treaty of Brest, including protections for things such as it’s married clergy, the original creed, and selection of its own bishops; the Ruthenians and others under similar terms with the Treaty of Many Spellings, err, Uzrod and similar; and the Melkites, church of the Patriarch of Antioch, which simply requested communion with Rome almost 200 years ago.
Many of these churches remain self-governing, but all are in communion with Rome. There are roughly two dozen, but there are some variations on how to count, and one (Gerogian?) is suspected to be extinct.
In the US, clergy from Eastern churches commonly also serve or assist in RCC parishes. We produce
far more priests per capita, and have much smaller parishes, so it tends to work well for both for an RCC parish to pay an EC priest’s salary, taking him maybe 80% time, and the EC parish to put aside that money for its building fund.
hawk