Calvinistic Predestination Q&A

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However you wish to paraphrase my words, yes, God does not design creatures for the purpose of sending them to hell. If you read Job chapter 1, for example, it is evident that when temptation occurs, it is done so by permission of God, not His active design. God does not effect evil, nor is He its author.
Job 1 also establishes God’s absolute sovereign control over all evil. Another passage that represents this well is 1 Kings 22:20-23: 20 And the LORD said, ‘Who will entice Ahab into attacking Ramoth Gilead and going to his death there?’
"One suggested this, and another that. 21 Finally, a spirit came forward, stood before the LORD and said, ‘I will entice him.’

22 " ‘By what means?’ the LORD asked.
" ‘I will go out and be a lying spirit in the mouths of all his prophets,’ he said.
" ‘You will succeed in enticing him,’ said the LORD. ‘Go and do it.’

23 “So now the LORD has put a lying spirit in the mouths of all these prophets of yours. The LORD has decreed disaster for you.”
No, it does not mock predestination if the term is understood from the perspective of God’s location. Where is God? Outside of time. He is able to observe the entire canvas of history in one shot, past, present, future. He knows extra-temporally what every human did/does/will do in response to His grace. By his perspective, He knew at the beginning of time who “would” respond to His grace. Thus, those people can be considered from that point to have been predestined as they, within the course of time, came into being. The human authors use human language to describe this. Plenty of Scriptures refer to our response. But, again, that’s a Catholic, Molinistic perspective, and if it is not your place to hear other perspectives besides Calvinistic double-predestination here, feel free to say so.
I have seen this tendency among all non-Reformed people’s explanation of predestination. On one hand, you will want to say that there is a definite causal order – i.e., God’s predestination is prompted by His foreseeing human merit – and then when confronted on this issue because it destroys the meaning of predestination, you abandon the logical order entirely – i.e., “God is outside time and everything is present to Him.”

No matter what, as a Molinist, you are forced to say that logically speaking, human choices precede God’s choices. You cannot believe both that they are causally related and that they are simultaneous.
 
There seems to be much emphasis in Calvinism on God’s sovereignty - sovereign will/plan/decree.
In the forming of Calvinist theology, was it ever considered possible that human souls having a free will just might BE God’s sovereign decree/plan/will? In other words, that free will does not negate His sovereignty because it was He who sovereignly desired and decreed it.
 
There seems to be much emphasis in Calvinism on God’s sovereignty - sovereign will/plan/decree.
In the forming of Calvinist theology, was it ever considered possible that human souls having a free will just might BE God’s sovereign decree/plan/will? In other words, that free will does not negate His sovereignty because it was He who sovereignly desired and decreed it.
I’m sure that has been conceived of as a possibility.

But please keep in mind that it’s not as if Calvinists just arbitrarily select God’s sovereignty and proceed from there. We believe that His predestining sovereignty is taught plenarily in the Bible.
 
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Confessor01:
God decreed that they should never desire Christ. So if you want to impute “fault” – though I would argue it is a misnomer – it would be to God.
So when we sin it is not merely God’s fault, buy His will as well? Your not gonna really hold this altogether without making God look awfully human in his motives.
Because God, in His infinite wisdom, has not purposed to grant them the desire.
I think you would be better saying you simply don’t know than to pretend that this actually answers the question.
Here is something that I wrote on a Facebook note regarding common misconceptions of Calvinism:

Interesting stuff which I ultimately disagree with! We make real choices. God did not “purpose” that I respond to this post - I choose it with the freedom God has allowed. Without the freedom to choose I would not have been able to choose, and that freedom is a gift from God. The choosing, however, is mine.
More importantly, you never answered my question: Why bother discussing this topic or any other? If God has ordered all events relating to salvation, what is the purpose of “encouraging” others, preaching the Gospel to them, etc etc? Are you going to maintain that you CANT NOT preach the Gospel? If so, why would the Gospel writers have written letters praising or condemning behaviors of the early Christians? Such letters would seem to represent a lack of faith in God’s direct and ultimate control over every single action of every human life, no?
Blessings
 
I’m sure that has been conceived of as a possibility.

But please keep in mind that it’s not as if Calvinists just arbitrarily select God’s sovereignty and proceed from there. We believe that His predestining sovereignty is taught plenarily in the Bible.
We understand nothing is arbitrary in your understand. The possibility remains, however, that your adherence to Calivinist theology may simply be a “stupor” that He has placed you in and you arent free to extricate yourself from it. That is an irrefutable conclusion from everything you have said regarding God’s Sovereingty.
And just for the record - to clear this up - I want you to acknowledge that every post you compose, every thread you only partially complete, every key you strike and the exact timing of each is specifically ordained as such by God. Not merely that he knows these things, not merely that He allows them, but that He directly Wills and causes them.
 
Forgive me for not being up to speed on the differences being discussed. Let me simply ask if someone can boil this down into layman’s terms if I am understanding this correctly on one point.
Why would anyone strive to be holy under these conditions?
It would seem pointless to try.
Forgive me if this question seems irrelevant or off topic. But, I really think it is not being addressed here in this discussion. Does it have a place in this topic at all?

Thank you,

SJam
 
No matter what, as a Molinist, you are forced to say that logically speaking, human choices precede God’s choices. You cannot believe both that they are causally related and that they are simultaneous.
I disagree. Man’s decision does not cause God to react. They do not “precede” God’s choices, because, as I stated He is outside of time. There is no “pre” for Him. Only we deal in terms of “pre”.

Properly speaking, only the Holy Spirit causes salvation. However, Scripture (as well as the Tradition of the Church to which Catholics, and sometimes Calvin, I believe, appealed), attests to the cooperative effort of man’s response. This cannot be discarded or removed from the equation for the sake of preserving a particular interpretation of Romans 9.

Paul, incidentally in the little read book of Philemon wrote of his colleague’s free will:**Philemon 1:14 **but I preferred to do nothing without your consent in order that your goodness might not be by compulsion but of your own free will.The word there for free will is ἑκούσιος, which means “voluntary.” God Who has free will created man in His image.
 
I’m sure that has been conceived of as a possibility.

But please keep in mind that it’s not as if Calvinists just arbitrarily select God’s sovereignty and proceed from there. We believe that His predestining sovereignty is taught plenarily in the Bible.
I understand Calvinists base this teaching on Scripture - just as other denominations base teachings contrary to compatabilistic predestination on Scripture. Each side can cite various Scripture passages – even the same passages, but interpreting them differently. I guess I can’t speak for other Protestant denominations re God’s sovereignty, but Catholicism believes absolutely in God’s sovereignty. We believe that the only reason we have free will is because **God decided **to create us that way.)

Each side cites various Scripture passages – even the same passages, but interprets them differently. That’s why I’m more interested in any reasoning that Calivinists might have put forward for denying the possibility of God’s sovereignty being able to decree free will.

Question for this post: What is the teaching regarding the will of Adam and Eve prior to the fall? Does it differ from the state of the human will after the fall? If so, in what way?

You said in your opening post:
Please keep in mind that this is not a thread regarding whether or Calvinism is true, but just regarding what the doctrine is – i.e., what a Calvinistic predestinarian believes. I’m not trying to argue for the veracity of the doctrine in this thread, just to explain what it is.
I’m trying to respect that – especially since I appreciate the opportunity to pose questions on various topics just to get the answer to questions in my mind re Calvinism – without feeling the necessity to debate it when it differs from my Catholic belief. (I certainly hope others would not interpret the lack of debate as meaning agreement with your answer!!)
 
So when we sin it is not merely God’s fault, buy His will as well? Your not gonna really hold this altogether without making God look awfully human in his motives.
There are two aspects of God’s will: His decretive will, or what He decrees to occur, and His preceptive will, or what He commands humans to do. (They are not really separate “wills,” but the term “will” is placed on them.) Scripture speaks of what occurs to be the will of God to refer both to what actually occurs (Acts 4:28; 18:21; Romans 1:10; 9:19; 15:32; Lamentations 3:37; James 4:15), and to what God commands humans to do (Exodus 18:15-16; Mark 3:35; John 7:17; Romans 8:27; 12:2; 2 Corinthians 8:5; 1 Thessalonians 4:3; 5:18; 1 Peter 2:15).

While it is certainly not God’s will that we sin in the preceptive sense, it most definitely is God’s will that we sin in the decretive sense – otherwise no sin would occur. God is sovereign over everything.
I think you would be better saying you simply don’t know than to pretend that this actually answers the question.
With all due respect, I really think this does answer the question. God decrees that reprobates should not accept the Gospel.

Romans 11:8 – as it is written: “God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes so that they could not see and ears so that they could not hear, to this very day.”

Mark 4:11-12 – 11 He told them, "The secret of the kingdom of God has been given to you. But to those on the outside everything is said in parables 12 so that, " ‘they may be ever seeing but never perceiving, and ever hearing but never understanding; otherwise they might turn and be forgiven!’ "

2 Thessalonians 2:11 – For this reason God sends them a powerful delusion so that they will believe the lie.

Exodus 4:21 – The LORD said to Moses, "When you return to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders I have given you the power to do. But I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go.

Deuteronomy 2:30 – But Sihon king of Heshbon refused to let us pass through. For the LORD your God had made his spirit stubborn and his heart obstinate in order to give him into your hands, as he has now done.

Isaiah 6:10 – Make the heart of this people calloused; make their ears dull and close their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn and be healed." [This was the passage fulfilled in Mark 4:11-12 above.]
More importantly, you never answered my question: Why bother discussing this topic or any other? If God has ordered all events relating to salvation, what is the purpose of “encouraging” others, preaching the Gospel to them, etc etc? Are you going to maintain that you CANT NOT preach the Gospel? If so, why would the Gospel writers have written letters praising or condemning behaviors of the early Christians? Such letters would seem to represent a lack of faith in God’s direct and ultimate control over every single action of every human life, no?
Did you read the paragraphs I posted from the Facebook note? If nothing else, they were an attempt to explain it to you; it’s not as if I ignored your question.

To recapitulate those two paragraphs, however, suffice it to say that fatalism is the belief that the ends are fixed in place irrespective of means (e.g. I will go to heaven or hell no matter what I do), whereas predestination is that all ends and means are all fixed in place by God’s decree, and therefore every single event is predestined by Him to occur – i.e., ends occur because of means.
The possibility remains, however, that your adherence to Calivinist theology may simply be a “stupor” that He has placed you in and you arent free to extricate yourself from it. That is an irrefutable conclusion from everything you have said regarding God’s Sovereingty.
It’s not as if my belief in Calvinism is just some magic concoction that sprung up in my brain. It’s definitely based on Scriptural teachings. If it is some “stupor” that God has placed in me, then He has also, in my estimation, taught in the Bible that my “stupor” is true.

Have you ever given thought that you might be a brain in a vat?
And just for the record - to clear this up - I want you to acknowledge that every post you compose, every thread you only partially complete, every key you strike and the exact timing of each is specifically ordained as such by God. Not merely that he knows these things, not merely that He allows them, but that He directly Wills and causes them.
? You make this sound like some sort of victory for you.

I’ll joyously concede that every single keystroke I have made has been predestined by God from eternity past. I am in His sovereign control. I cannot be lost by Him, because He is sovereign, and “all things work for the good of those who love him.”
 
Forgive me for not being up to speed on the differences being discussed. Let me simply ask if someone can boil this down into layman’s terms if I am understanding this correctly on one point.
Why would anyone strive to be holy under these conditions?
It would seem pointless to try.
Forgive me if this question seems irrelevant or off topic. But, I really think it is not being addressed here in this discussion. Does it have a place in this topic at all?

Thank you,

SJam
This marks a difference between fatalism and predestination.

The first entails ends irrespective of means, while the second entails ends because of means. The acting agent is himself an integral part of God’s universe.
 
I disagree. Man’s decision does not cause God to react. They do not “precede” God’s choices, because, as I stated He is outside of time. There is no “pre” for Him. Only we deal in terms of “pre”.
We are not talking of temporal priority, but of logical priority.

And as long as God’s choice and man’s choice are causally connected, then one must logically precede the other.

Besides, you certainly admit that Romans 8:29 teaches some aspect of pre- in God, right? It says that He foreknew.
Properly speaking, only the Holy Spirit causes salvation. However, Scripture (as well as the Tradition of the Church to which Catholics, and sometimes Calvin, I believe, appealed), attests to the cooperative effort of man’s response. This cannot be discarded or removed from the equation for the sake of preserving a particular interpretation of Romans 9.
To say that “only the Holy Spirit causes salvation” is to posit the Holy Spirit as a sufficient cause of salvation: If the Holy Spirit acts in an individual S, then S is saved. If you agree that the Holy Spirit acts in everyone, then why is not everyone saved?

The point I’m trying to get across is that it’s a contradiction to posit the Holy Spirit Himself as sufficient and then turn around and say that man’s cooperation is also necessary.
Paul, incidentally in the little read book of Philemon wrote of his colleague’s free will:**Philemon 1:14 **but I preferred to do nothing without your consent in order that your goodness might not be by compulsion but of your own free will.The word there for free will is ἑκούσιος, which means “voluntary.” God Who has free will created man in His image.
Yes, free will is also used in terms of speaking of “freewill offerings.” However, the use of the words is far from proving the concept that is usually denoted by free will today, i.e. philosophical libertarianism.

Otherwise, please realize that voluntariness, freedom, etc., do not prove this one particular notion of freedom that is commonly referred to as “free will.”
 
Question for this post: What is the teaching regarding the will of Adam and Eve prior to the fall? Does it differ from the state of the human will after the fall? If so, in what way?
Due to elementary rules of causality, a specific effect requires a specific sufficient cause for it, in that the effect is “contained” within the cause. Consequently, since it is true that Adam sinned (but likely did much, much more good than evil), it follows that His nature was “very good,” but not morally perfect. And the one minor imperfection in him is what ultimately led to the Fall. (An imperfection would also have existed in Eve.)

It might be objected that it is blasphemous to posit that God made an imperfect creation, but I have two responses to this: (1) it’s not imperfect in an absolute sense, for it is exactly what God desired to make, and (2) this objection does not apply only to compatibilists. Even libertarians believe that we cannot possibly sin in heaven, and therefore libertarians must also deal with the objection that God could have made Adam entirely morally perfect but chose not to.

Good question.
You said in your opening post:
I’m trying to respect that – especially since I appreciate the opportunity to pose questions on various topics just to get the answer to questions in my mind re Calvinism – without feeling the necessity to debate it when it differs from my Catholic belief. (I certainly hope others would not interpret the lack of debate as meaning agreement with your answer!!)
Thank you very much for respecting it thus far, but I’m pretty sure this attempted regulation has lost its force so far. So, I guess right now it would be just fine to bring up your own objections to Calvinism, so long as they’re related more to Calvinism and not generic critiques of sola Scriptura or something.
 
Due to elementary rules of causality, a specific effect requires a specific sufficient cause for it, in that the effect is “contained” within the cause. Consequently, since it is true that Adam sinned (but likely did much, much more good than evil), it follows that His nature was “very good,” but not morally perfect. And the one minor imperfection in him is what ultimately led to the Fall. (An imperfection would also have existed in Eve.)

It might be objected that it is blasphemous to posit that God made an imperfect creation, but I have two responses to this: (1) it’s not imperfect in an absolute sense, for it is exactly what God desired to make, and (2) this objection does not apply only to compatibilists. Even libertarians believe that we cannot possibly sin in heaven, and therefore libertarians must also deal with the objection that God could have made Adam entirely morally perfect but chose not to.
Confessor01, you just missed the importance of the Tree in the garden - it was not some random tree, it really does matter what the tree was, what it stood for and meant - Knowledge of Good and Evil. Prior to disobeying God’s will, Adam and Eve were entirely without sin NOT because they hadn’t done “not good” things but because they were entirely ignorant of Good vs Evil and so “not good” had no meaning in their lives. They disobeyed God and became aware of it simultaneously in that act of disobedience, and note how important the act is - did they fall when tempted by the serpent? Did they fall when tempted by the fruit? God did not command them not to think about eating the fruit of that tree but indeed to NOT EAT the fruit - the ACT is the key to their sin because it was not only done in disobedience to God’s command but with the knowledge that in so doing they had done wrong.
Second, why do you assume that potential for sin is a sign of imperfection? Potential for sin is a sign of free-will (which I know you don’t believe in, although your continued reference to Catholics as “libertarians” shows your confused acceptance of previously failed doctrine). God indeed created man and woman exactly as he intended, but most importantly he created them as beings like unto himself yet separate - free to choose apart from His will. If you think a truly “perfect” being is one who is free and also chooses not to sin, perhaps that is true, but if the being is “made” that way, i.e. designed such that they will never sin, that what you really have is a computer program and not a free being.
Finally, Catholics do not believe it is “impossible” to sin in heaven because of programming but rather because those who ascend to heaven are sort-of by definition “in union” with God. They do not choose against His will for their wills are united to His… but here we can get into doctrine and theory regarding angels, etc. and the choices they make, which seems material for a separate thread entirely.
 
Confessor01, you also seem to be confused with regard to logical causality by demanding that one thing always logically precede another - that is temporal causality. Logical causality only demands a force or forces from which an effect is emitted, it does not number those forces or give importance to them, hence simultaneous is applicable. Does this make sense?

Also, when you quote scripture regarding God “hardening” or “blinding” please also justify your interpretation of the end to which God performs this act. Is it salvation? Damnation? Or is it the glorification of His name and possibly the salvation of someone else? Do these verses tell us whether or not these individuals are damned to hell or why? Why did God harden Pharoah’s heart? To send Him to hell? Did Pharoah go to Hell?? Did any of these people wind up in hell by God’s decree without any regard for their own choices/actions/etc.? Please support your conclusions with Biblical texts and remember that God ruined Job, but did not send Him to hell. God crushed Israel repeatedly, but did not forsake them. And every once in a while, He even gives a reason for his actions, which usually amounts to “because of what you did, how you chose”. response?
 
Confessor01, you just missed the importance of the Tree in the garden - it was not some random tree, it really does matter what the tree was, what it stood for and meant - Knowledge of Good and Evil. Prior to disobeying God’s will, Adam and Eve were entirely without sin NOT because they hadn’t done “not good” things but because they were entirely ignorant of Good vs Evil and so “not good” had no meaning in their lives. They disobeyed God and became aware of it simultaneously in that act of disobedience, and note how important the act is - did they fall when tempted by the serpent? Did they fall when tempted by the fruit? God did not command them not to think about eating the fruit of that tree but indeed to NOT EAT the fruit - the ACT is the key to their sin because it was not only done in disobedience to God’s command but with the knowledge that in so doing they had done wrong.
Those are interesting points to make, but please keep this in mind: we are morally perfect in heaven, incapable of sin; therefore it is possible for God to make man in such a way. He chose not to make Adam and Eve in that fashion.
Second, why do you assume that potential for sin is a sign of imperfection? Potential for sin is a sign of free-will (which I know you don’t believe in, although your continued reference to Catholics as “libertarians” shows your confused acceptance of previously failed doctrine). God indeed created man and woman exactly as he intended, but most importantly he created them as beings like unto himself yet separate - free to choose apart from His will. If you think a truly “perfect” being is one who is free and also chooses not to sin, perhaps that is true, but if the being is “made” that way, i.e. designed such that they will never sin, that what you really have is a computer program and not a free being.
Then you must concede either (1) that it is possible to sin in heaven (in which case everyone would be damned, seeing as heaven is everlasting and therefore all possibilities will be actuated), or (2) renege on your stance that sin is always possible and concede that Adam could have been made in a state of utter moral perfection, but wasn’t – which is the Reformed stance.
Finally, Catholics do not believe it is “impossible” to sin in heaven because of programming but rather because those who ascend to heaven are sort-of by definition “in union” with God. They do not choose against His will for their wills are united to His… but here we can get into doctrine and theory regarding angels, etc. and the choices they make, which seems material for a separate thread entirely.
Insofar as you believe that the saints are “sort-of by definition ‘in union’ with God” without differentiating yourself from the Calvinist conception that you pejoratively denounce as “programming,” I apologize, but I cannot accept this as a legitimate answer to the question.

And it borders on pantheism, by the way.
Confessor01, you also seem to be confused with regard to logical causality by demanding that one thing always logically precede another - that is temporal causality. Logical causality only demands a force or forces from which an effect is emitted, it does not number those forces or give importance to them, hence simultaneous is applicable. Does this make sense?
Are you seriously trying to tell me that with logic, cause and effect are simultaneous (i.e. one does not proceed after the other), whereas with time, they do?

Please notice exactly why I make a distinction between logical and temporal priority – I am not saying that an effect must be “after” (i.e. temporally) a cause, but still that conceptually speaking it is the proceeding rather than preceding factor. To deny this is simply to deny all kinds of thought whatsoever. Would you concede that axioms logically precede corollaries? Or can they be simultaneous? Would you concede that essence precedes existence? Or can they be simultaneous?
Also, when you quote scripture regarding God “hardening” or “blinding” please also justify your interpretation of the end to which God performs this act. Is it salvation? Damnation? Or is it the glorification of His name and possibly the salvation of someone else?
The purpose is entirely irrelevant. The thing I am trying to establish is God’s unilateral sovereignty over the human heart.

In fact, if you were trying to declare that “programming” is wrong, but that God does it for good reasons, then you would essentially be saying that God lets the ends justify the means, a repugnant utilitarian concept.

Besides, an angel of the Lord in Isaiah 6 proclaims that God does harden people’s hearts to keep them from repentance:

*9 He said, "Go and tell this people:
" ‘Be ever hearing, but never understanding;
be ever seeing, but never perceiving.’

10 Make the heart of this people calloused;
make their ears dull
and close their eyes.
Otherwise they might see with their eyes,
hear with their ears,
understand with their hearts,
and turn and be healed."*
 
From reading around I have found that “Calvinists” seem to disagree with each other quite a lot (in fact I came across one, James White, who seems to relish in disagreeing with and criticising as many people as possible).

However, it has made me more interested in reading Calvin himself (though I know that is a massive amount to read) as I get the sense that his writings were too sophisticated to be properly be encapsulated in a simple five point “ism”.
 
From reading around I have found that “Calvinists” seem to disagree with each other quite a lot (in fact I came across one, James White, who seems to relish in disagreeing with and criticising as many people as possible).

However, it has made me more interested in reading Calvin himself (though I know that is a massive amount to read) as I get the sense that his writings were too sophisticated to be properly be encapsulated in a simple five point “ism”.
If you look at the Puritans, you will find more doctrinal agreement with that people-group than with basically any other, perhaps even more so than Catholics.

Regarding James White, yes, he does mention a lot of disagreements – but one thing I’ve never seen him do is disagree with a fellow Reformed Christian, except on baptism. He usually debates atheists, Catholics, Arminians, and Muslims, from what I have seen.

Also, you are absolutely correct in that Calvin’s teachings are not in any way summed up in TULIP. Calvin’s theology is truly massive, comprehensive, and systematic. However, for whatever reason, the five points that opposed the five points of the Arminian Remonstrants at Dordt were called “the five points of Calvinism,” and Calvinism has referred to those five points since.
 
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