Generally speaking, no. Jews consider wearing the tallit to be a privilege reserved to Jews alone. Just as it would be inappropriate for a Jewish man to use a Catholic priest’s chasuble for his own private prayer, so a Catholic man (or woman) should not presume to appropriate a tallit for non-Jewish use.
That said, Jews who convert to Catholicism remain Jews (from a Catholic point of view, although some non-Christian Jews would disagree) and so those Jews who wore a tallit before their entrance into the Church may still wish to continue to do so as a matter of identification with their Jewish heritage. So long as they are careful not to create scandal by wearing a tallit (e.g., wearing a tallit to Mass and then receiving Communion, giving the impression to those who do not know that a non-Christian has received Communion), and so long as they are respectful of the sensitivities of non-Christian Jews who may be distressed to see a Christian Jew wearing a tallit, there does not appear to be a problem with Jewish converts wearing a tallit.
