Can justification of gay marriage lead to justification of incest?

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If anything, marriage in the modern world has evolved to the point where it is for the most part a public recognition of personal commitment - regardless of what private arrangements that commitment involves. It doesn’t necessarily involve children, it doesn’t necessarily involve the cooperative union of two whole families (essential aspects of marriage in past times) - it is up to the individuals involved (both by law and by recent custom) to decide what they expect from the marriage contract.

As I’ve said in previous posts, the expectations attached to marriage have changed for many of the participants in the modern world. Conservatives and reactionaries can choose whether or not they appreciate this change, but they can’t deny that it’s happened.
You seem to think repeating your assertions ad nauseum will eventually make them right.

It wont.

Repeating that marriage in past centuries was always an arranged institution based around property is to repeat a falshood. The vast majority of marriages were contracted because of a genuine affection between the contracting parties and predicated on their mutual consent. You have been given ample examples from various parts of history. here’s some more - Go study the ancient Roman legal notion of *affectio maritalis, * which shaped the idea of marriage well into the middle ages.

Under Roman law, where the elements of affectio maritalis were no longer present, the marriage could be dissolved quite readily, so when marriage affection ceased, so to did the marriage. Marriage and divorce were common in ancient Rome. Christianity, even during the Roman era, took the oath of marriage, the sacramentalus, to be a binding contract. During the Roman era there were dowries, called sponsalia, but they had no effect in causing a marriage unless consent was there as a basis of the agreement.

Marriage, just as it is today, was a family affair and young couples needed a helping hand to get started, just as they often do today. To whitewash it as not involving consent and not involving the natural affections of the parties is to whitewash the institution with the broad brush of left wing radical feminist historical revisionism.
 
And the question then must be, upon what basis do you deny any person the experience - with its bodily, emotional and intellectual aspects - of sex? Do you subordinate these aspects to the biological necessity of procreation? Do you value what might be considered the base, material aspects of sexual interaction over and above its esoteric - what might be considered more human - aspects? It’s interesting that in this respect alone, many philosophers and religionists alike have desired to confine humans to the limits of other animals.
I would say that the whole of sexuality is ordered towards it’s purpose as designed by God (or, if you wish, by nature) which is indeed procreation. Even if you would deny God, you must admit that the sole biological purpose of sexuality is procreation, there for this is the natural order of the act.

Ordering all of sexuality to this purpose, does not fundamentally deny the other, unitive aspects of sexuality. There can still be romance, there can still be excitement, sex can still be an aspect of what makes a couple stronger. But it should be used in proper context, which is the context of marriage, ordered towards the procreation of children.

When sex is so ordered, we find that it is a great gift from God in all aspects, with no negative consequence. When sex is not so ordered, it becomes a perilous act fraught with danger including unwed pregnancy, STDs, the reduction of human life to a mere object of convince and even the sacrifice of human life (literal) upon the alter of personal pleasure (abortion).
 
“challenging” is the appropriate word because it implies revolt. Thousands of different sects are the result of individual Christians reading “in the Spirit”…
It’s off-topic, but yes, I guess accountants would find the bookkeeping much easier if us non-Catholics called ourselves “non-Catholics”, if that’s what you have in mind. 😃
Is Christian morality determined by the view of the majority? :confused:
I’m pretty sure it is determined by Christ, the clue is in the word Christian. 🙂
 
I find it interesting that people who disagree with Church Teaching self-identify as in communion with that Church.

IMHO this is a reflection of how poorly people understand their own beliefs. :o
I can’t really comment as I’m not a Catholic, but found the following, Joseph Ratzinger reflecting in 1985 on how these differences might come about:

*Thus we stand before the difficult alternative: either the Church finds an understanding, a compromise with the values propounded by society which she wants to continue to serve, or she decides to remain faithful to her own values (and in the Church’s view these are the values that protect man in his deepest needs) as the result of which she finds herself on the margin of society.

Thus today the sphere of moral theology has become the main locus of the tensions between Magisterium and theologians, especially because here the consequences are most immediately perceptible. - goodmorals.org/Ratzinger.htm*
 
You seem to think repeating your assertions ad nauseum will eventually make them right.

It wont.
Heed your own words, sir.
Repeating that marriage in past centuries was always an arranged institution based around property is to repeat a falshood. The vast majority of marriages were contracted because of a genuine affection between the contracting parties and predicated on their mutual consent. You have been given ample examples from various parts of history. here’s some more - Go study the ancient Roman legal notion of *affectio maritalis, * which shaped the idea of marriage well into the middle ages.
Under Roman law, where the elements of affectio maritalis were no longer present, the marriage could be dissolved quite readily, so when marriage affection ceased, so to did the marriage. Marriage and divorce were common in ancient Rome. Christianity, even during the Roman era, took the oath of marriage, the sacramentalus, to be a binding contract. During the Roman era there were dowries, called sponsalia, but they had no effect in causing a marriage unless consent was there as a basis of the agreement.
The point is, affection was a desirable but not necessary factor. The cultural difference now is that affection comes first, family second - in past ages, it was the other way around. Read up on the history of miserable marriages when you get time out from your romantic conservative soapboxing…

And whilst you’re at it, you might like to actually read my posts - at no point have I denied that affection was ever a factor - only that it was never the primary factor, as it now is.
Marriage, just as it is today, was a family affair and young couples needed a helping hand to get started, just as they often do today. To whitewash it as not involving consent and not involving the natural affections of the parties is to whitewash the institution with the broad brush of left wing radical feminist historical revisionism.
And do you just suppose that those who did it in the past just got it right?

How naive of you. I understand that it’s painful to have your illusions washed away, but hey - life’s just like that sometimes.
 
Heed your own words, sir.
I keep giving you evidence. You just keep repeating from your soap box. Therein lies the difference.
The point is, affection was a desirable but not necessary factor. The cultural difference now is that affection comes first, family second - in past ages, it was the other way around. Read up on the history of miserable marriages when you get time out from your romantic conservative soapboxing…
“The History of Miserable Marriages” - let me guess, is that a recommended feminist tome I’ve missed along the way? :rolleyes:
And do you just suppose that those who did it in the past just got it right?
How naive of you. I understand that it’s painful to have your illusions washed away, but hey - life’s just like that sometimes.
I gave you some terms to go look up. Is it too much too ask that your own preconcieved ideas be challenged/

Here, once again, are the Roman terms I gave in my last post and which you really need to study -
*affectio maritalis (which has ‘elements’, one of which is consent)
*sacramentalus
*sponsalia

*They are signposts to the reality you deny.
Your notions of the reasons for marriage down through the ages are easily refuted with some serious historical research. I suggest you try some and don’t be so reliant on the feminist section of your local university library.
 
I would say that the whole of sexuality is ordered towards it’s purpose as designed by God (or, if you wish, by nature) which is indeed procreation. Even if you would deny God, you must admit that the sole biological purpose of sexuality is procreation, there for this is the natural order of the act.
Actually, I don’t admit that procreation is the sole biological purpose of sexuality, especially not human sexuality. Its social functions apart from procreation are at least as important as the begetting of offspring.
Ordering all of sexuality to this purpose, does not fundamentally deny the other, unitive aspects of sexuality. There can still be romance, there can still be excitement, sex can still be an aspect of what makes a couple stronger. But it should be used in proper context, which is the context of marriage, ordered towards the procreation of children.
Again, this is a denial of the value of pleasure and social interaction for its own sake. It’s only justified, in your view, by the biological outcome of procreation. The biological outcomes of bonding, relaxation, general well-being and open-mindedness that result from sexual interaction are relegated to a subordinate position. This, I repeat, is the only aspect of human existence in which we are expected, by religionists and some philosophers, to restrict ourselves to the base functions of our activities.
When sex is so ordered, we find that it is a great gift from God in all aspects, with no negative consequence. When sex is not so ordered, it becomes a perilous act fraught with danger including unwed pregnancy, STDs, the reduction of human life to a mere object of convince and even the sacrifice of human life (literal) upon the alter of personal pleasure (abortion).
Interesting.

I have not found that the negative consequences of sex, such as they can be, have been detrimental to my overall well-being - if anything, they have been a source of education and enlightenment and appreciation for the times when I’ve got it right. Do you treat every aspect of human existence as one that must be got right every time, and from which it’s not possible to learn from mistakes?

Thus far, sex has not proved a perilous experience for me. I certainly acknowledge that it has done for others, but again, that’s not something particular to sex - almost any activity we undertake has its dangers, and a not-insignificant percentage of those who engage in such activities will fall victim to those dangers, either through misfortune or neglect or mere stupidity. The fact of the matter is that humans already treat most other life-forms as mere conveniences for our own use. If anything, an early-term human foetus is far less sentient than the chickens that are slaughtered for many a Sunday dinner…
 
It’s off-topic, but yes, I guess accountants would find the bookkeeping much easier if us non-Catholics called ourselves “non-Catholics”, if that’s what you have in mind.
I’m pretty sure it is determined by Christ, the clue is in the word Christian. :)Then why did you make the following statement?
I repeat the statistic – in 2005 when gay marriage was legalized in Spain, two thirds of a mainly Catholic population agreed with legalization. Which indicates that in the real world, when push comes to shove,** far more Christians may take the same view as me **
even though we might be a minority on CAF.
[/QUOTE]
 
Actually, I don’t admit that procreation is the sole biological purpose of sexuality, especially not human sexuality. Its social functions apart from procreation are at least as important as the begetting of offspring.
I find this completely not supprising that you would seem to feel this way, because it seems like you accept the common sociatal view of sexuality. Do you then view it as empowerment? Do you feel like the persuite of this pleasure is a right which no one can “take away”? Do you then feel like you have license to do whatever you want?

But can’t you see how you make your self a slave? There has, for decades been much talk of sexual empowerment. More often than not, in the context of feminism (but some times in a male context as well, though this is usually assumed). Today we hear a lot about exploring your sexuality being a “vital and important part of the growth process”. Really? In exactly what way?

You are making your self a slave, especially if you are a woman who is under the impression that you have used sex to empower your self. I have seen this play out all too many times, particularly before my reversion to the faith. You see, for a long time I felt exactly like you did about sex, that is until the wool was pulled from before my eyes.

It is not empowering to commit lesbian love acts because everyone else in the room thinks it’s awesome. No, what you’ve done is make your self a object. It is not empowering to go to a night club and pick up a random strange. No, what you’ve done is make your self some one elses pleasure object. It is not empowering to engage in all manner of fettish, again you are a slave, someone elses pleasure object.

When I think of empowerment, I think of the traditional story of Mary Magdolin and Ceaser. There is no historical record of it, and sure it might very well not be true. But I think it crystalizes the true meaning of empowerment. Is is the basis of why we color eggs for easter.

I can only paraphrase, but essentially St. Mary M was before Ceaser, and with the power of the Holy Spirit upon her she declared to him “The Christ is Risen, and these eggs are the proof”, she held and egg which turned blood red.

This type of thing speaks of empowerment. Or, if you want something historically verifiable, howabout the story of St. Joan of Arch, here is someone who did not make her self slave. No, she had true empowerment.
Again, this is a denial of the value of pleasure and social interaction for its own sake. It’s only justified, in your view, by the biological outcome of procreation. The biological outcomes of bonding, relaxation, general well-being and open-mindedness that result from sexual interaction are relegated to a subordinate position. This, I repeat, is the only aspect of human existence in which we are expected, by religionists and some philosophers, to restrict ourselves to the base functions of our activities.
Pleasure for it’s own sake, yes I believe this is called hedonism and yes I deny hedonism. I deny pleasure for it’s own sake, no matter the cost. I did not always, but I have seen the damage done. Pleasure is not in its self evil, this too is a gift from God. It’s when we order pleasure to being the greatest thing we can achieve, when pleasure has primacy over all other concerns that we have a problem. This is the fundamental problem with hedonism and (back on topic) homosexual sex, as well as gay marriage.
Interesting.

I have not found that the negative consequences of sex, such as they can be, have been detrimental to my overall well-being - if anything, they have been a source of education and enlightenment and appreciation for the times when I’ve got it right. Do you treat every aspect of human existence as one that must be got right every time, and from which it’s not possible to learn from mistakes?

Thus far, sex has not proved a perilous experience for me. I certainly acknowledge that it has done for others, but again, that’s not something particular to sex - almost any activity we undertake has its dangers, and a not-insignificant percentage of those who engage in such activities will fall victim to those dangers, either through misfortune or neglect or mere stupidity. The fact of the matter is that humans already treat most other life-forms as mere conveniences for our own use. If anything, an early-term human foetus is far less sentient than the chickens that are slaughtered for many a Sunday dinner…
Very crude, I would suggest that a forming child in the womb is a full and complete human being. They have all the genes with which a human will ever have, they live, what greater standard do you need?
 
Thousands of **different **sects are the result of individual Christians reading “in the Spirit”…
Don’t think so. Nor does the concept appear alien to Catholicism:

Reading the Bible should be a form of prayer. The Bible should be read in God’s presence and as the unfolding of His mind. It is not just a book, but God’s love letter to you. It is God’s revelation, God’s mind, operating through your mind and your reading, so your reading is your response to His mind and will. Reading it is aligning your mind and will with God’s; therefore it is a fulfillment of the prayer “Thy will be done”, which is the most basic and essential key to achieving our whole purpose on earth: holiness and happiness. - Peter Kreeft

As he says, in essence it means “aligning your mind and will with God’s” as opposed to
trying to align God’s mind and will with ours. 😃
*Then why did you make the following statement?
I repeat the statistic – in 2005 when gay marriage was legalized in Spain, two thirds of a mainly Catholic population agreed with legalization. Which indicates that in the real world, when push comes to shove, far more Christians may take the same view as me even though we might be a minority on CAF. 🙂
I’ve found no reason in the teaching of Jesus to treat homosexuals differently from anyone else, and it seems I’m not alone in this.
 
Inability and unwillingness to conform to particular Church beliefs was a major factor in my departure from Catholicism…
At least you are intellectually honest. I invite you to study Catholic Theology and history more deeply. The Catholic Church counts some of the greatest minds in the world as its members.

St. Jerome
St. Augustine
St. Ambrose
St. Thomas More
St. Thomas Aquinas
Pope John Paul II
Pope Benedict XVI

The Church also counts some of the greatest artists in the world is it’s members

Michelangelo
Mozart

Some of the greatest archeological achievements were constructed by Catholics

The Notre Dame Cathedrals in France
La Sainte Chappelle
St Peter’s in Rome
The Sistene Chapel

Some of the greatest scientist were Catholic

Gallileo
Copernicus
Louis Pasteur
Marie Curie
Gregor Mendel

The Catholic Church started some of the greatest universities in the world

Sapienza University in Rome
La Sorbonne in Paris
Countless Jesuit universities in the world.

The Catholic Church started the hospital system to care for the sick.

The world would be much bleaker without the Catholic Church.

🙂
 
I’m quite aware of those, thank you. I am, by the Church’s definition and by long education, a Catholic.
Then your woeful ignorance about natural law as evidenced by your prior post is all the more inexcusable.

A good place to begin to rectify your misunderstandings would be Edward Feser’s “The Last Superstition” or his “Aquinas” if you prefer a more academic and less polemical take.
Then you believe that reproduction is a marital obligation, even for those who cannot accomplish it, regardless of the fact that they fit with the man-woman arrangement?
Your ignorance of natural law is at least pardonable since you don’t claim to be a Catholic. Nevertheless you would do well to rectify your misapprehensions, as well, before asking questions that even a casual understanding of natural law would answer.
Actually, I am denigrating teleology in favour of practical benefits. If you can show me why this is unfavourable, I will pay attention.
For starters, it is false.

For another thing, it’s obviously stupid, since consequentialism furnishes no basis for evaluating what constitutes a “practical benefit.”
That is the archaic version of marriage. All social contracts exist to delineate duties - marriage has grown to encompass emotional unions and the commitments - privately envisaged - that go along with them. One couple’s marriage contract no longer resembles every other couple’s marriage contract.
Debating with you is really quite painful, you know.

There is no sense even discussing this with you until you do your homework. Either of Dr. Feser’s books identified above would be a good place to start.
Your view of materialism is limited by your supernatural beliefs - naturalism encompasses all phenomena we experience, but posits natural explanations for them.
And whether or not it does so appropriately is a question it cannot even answer without drawing in metaphysical presuppositions that you reject.

This is the problem with ALL the reductivist epistemological systems of the modern age: they CANNOT justify themselves without reference to that which they deny exists!
Do you think it extraordinary that I could deny an ‘order of things’, when you have offered no justification for believing in such? I don’t question your honesty in declaring your belief - only your reasons for holding to that belief.
I certainly think it extraordinary that you’ve made it this far through life having read so little.

Compound your reeducation by reading, as well, Eric Voegelin’s “Science, Politics, and Gnosticism” and “The News Science of Politics.”
To back up this tirade, you first need to justify your choice of teleology over consequentialism; then you need to define what you mean by sexual degeneracy, as opposed to natural human inclination.
Natural law ethics have the advantage of being objectively and obviously true.

Teleology is simply the claim that efficient causes act toward their respective ends because they have some innate power to do so. The eye sees because it has the power to see. There is literally NOTHING controversial about this. It’s only when you introduce extraneous nonsense, such as the assumption that teleology is volitional, that it starts to sound absurd – but then this is a modern MISREPRESENTATION of teleology which teleology itself does not articulate or demand.

We know intuitively that goodness is existence in accordance with a particular mode of being, so that a good knife is one that cuts while a bad knife is dull, a good pen is one that writes well while a bad pen is one that writes poorly, a good meal is one that is nutritious while McDonald’s hamburgers are “bad” for you, and so on. So it follows that, insofar as humans have volition, intentional action in accordance with our own mode of being as determined by the numerous final causes that arise from our natures are POSITIVE GOODS.

Consequentialism by contrast, again, furnishes NO basis for the evaluation of the goodness of a particular thing. “The ends justify the means” tells me nothing about what the proper end is. At best it can leech off teleological ethics by identifying certain acts as good and others as bad and then simply jettison the teleological part. But this DOES NOT WORK: teleological ethics is a PACKAGE DEAL. If you reject the teleology you cannot even retain its conception of what is good.

Moreover in its most virulent utilitarian form, it consistently yields up ethical conclusions that fly in the face of all our moral intuitions. For instance it may well be the case that rape causes a man more pleasure than it causes his victim pain – and since actions themselves carry no innate moral valence under consequentialist ethics, it therefore furnishes NO basis for objecting to that particular instance of rape.

Consequentialists CANNOT admit this because to do so would be to admit that a world filled with rapists would be EXACTLY what a world run consistently on their principles would look like. So they try to pad it out to make it salvageable. But the more they introduce into their system to try to make it match up with synderesis, the more it converges with the natural law, anyway (rule consequentialism, for instance).

None of which is new all of which has been addressed in the past by David Oderberg.

Which you would know, if you had done your homework. And until you do, I see no point in wasting further time “debating” you.
 
Don’t think so. Nor does the concept appear alien to Catholicism:

Reading the Bible should be a form of prayer. The Bible should be read in God’s presence and as the unfolding of His mind. It is not just a book, but God’s love letter to you. It is God’s revelation, God’s mind, operating through your mind and your reading, so your reading is your response to His mind and will. Reading it is aligning your mind and will with God’s; therefore it is a fulfillment of the prayer “Thy will be done”, which is the most basic and essential key to achieving our whole purpose on earth: holiness and happiness. - Peter Kreeft

As he says, in essence it means “aligning your mind and will with God’s” as opposed to trying to align God’s mind and will with ours. 😃
Peter Kreeft hasn’t founded a new sect based on his interpretation of the Bible…
I’ve found no reason in the teaching of Jesus to treat homosexuals differently from anyone else, and it seems I’m not alone in this.
Jesus didn’t treat prostitutes differently from anyone else but that doesn’t mean he condoned their activity…
 
Nevertheless you would do well to rectify your misapprehensions, as well, before asking questions that even a casual understanding of natural law would answer.
Are you saying the theory of natural law speaks for itself? Because it doesn’t. For starters, it assumes prior purpose, which cannot be demonstrated to exist. It also involves the refusal to countenance behaviours and inclinations which are, in themselves, perfectly natural in the sense that they exist in nature, but which don’t fit neatly into the order that human philosophers try to impose.
For starters, it is false.
For another thing, it’s obviously stupid, since consequentialism furnishes no basis for evaluating what constitutes a “practical benefit.”
Experience shows some things are very obviously beneficial for sentient beings - things which keep us alive and furnish us with subjectively positive experiences. Certainly, consequences must be established in hindsight, but so must knowledge in general.
There is no sense even discussing this with you until you do your homework.
I have already read as much as I care to on the concept of natural law - enough to know that it is deficient as a basis for a moral system.
Whether or not it does so appropriately is a question it cannot even answer without drawing in metaphysical presuppositions that you reject.
Such as? It helps your debating technique if you can actually explain yourself, rather than dismissing me as ignorant because you don’t have the arguments to back up your assertions…
This is the problem with ALL the reductivist epistemological systems of the modern age: they CANNOT justify themselves without reference to that which they deny exists!
Again, there is nothing, in theory, for which metaphysical naturalism cannot account. And I see that you deftly sneak in the unwarranted assumption that any metaphysical or epistemological system must somehow justify itself, as if its demonstrated effectiveness in explaining the world were insufficient reason to adopt it. We wouldn’t even be having this discussion if metaphysical naturalism were as false as you claim.
I certainly think it extraordinary that you’ve made it this far through life having read so little.
And I confess to being equally astonished that you have made it this far through life, if the condescending attitude you’ve displayed in this post is your usual procedure.
 
sw85,
Natural law ethics have the advantage of being objectively and obviously true.
To whom? How can such a limiting system be true for all situations?
Teleology is simply the claim that efficient causes act toward their respective ends because they have some innate power to do so. The eye sees because it has the power to see. There is literally NOTHING controversial about this.
Teleology implies intention, regardless of your insistence that it doesn’t - that the eye sees because it can see is almost tautologically true. You have retreated to a position that is undeniable from the perspective of metaphysical naturalism, but it is not a position that incorporates teleological explanations of the universe. Teleology is concerned with the purpose of things; purpose implies intention. Yes, the function of the eye is to see. That is obvious. What is not obvious is that eyes evolved because of any overarching intention that vision should exist.
We know intuitively that goodness is existence in accordance with a particular mode of being, so that a good knife is one that cuts while a bad knife is dull, a good pen is one that writes well while a bad pen is one that writes poorly, a good meal is one that is nutritious while McDonald’s hamburgers are “bad” for you, and so on.
Your examples are poor in the sense that all of them are objects made or assembled with the intention of fulfilling a certain purpose. Where telelogical and natural law-based moral systems fall down is in assuming that animals (including ourselves) were intended or meant (by someone, is the implication) to fulfil certain purposes or functions, and that certain aspects of our nature, such as sexuality, have but a single ‘correct’ purpose. Neither of these claims are inherently justifiable.
Consequentialism by contrast, again, furnishes NO basis for the evaluation of the goodness of a particular thing. “The ends justify the means” tells me nothing about what the proper end is. If you reject the teleology you cannot even retain its conception of what is good.
You sound like a presuppositionalist claiming that I’m stealing from your worldview. I’ve already indicated how consequentialism can evaluate what are good and bad consequences to actions. I certainly can claim to have learned by experience what constitute good and bad outcomes, without appealing to any notion that I was designed or intended or built to serve a particular purpose. Again, you reveal the weakness of teleological ethics by your reference to “the” proper end. Even the word ‘proper’ implies intentionality.
Moreover in its most virulent utilitarian form, it consistently yields up ethical conclusions that fly in the face of all our moral intuitions. For instance it may well be the case that rape causes a man more pleasure than it causes his victim pain – it therefore furnishes NO basis for objecting to that particular instance of rape.
By any system of moral calculus, it is quite clear to any thinking, feeling person that the immediate and ongoing suffering of the victim in an instance of rape vastly outweighs the fleeting pleasure of conquest for the perpetrator. When you factor in the emotional impact on the victim’s near and dear, it should be even more obvious. But these are things we learn by experience, both our own and that of others.
Consequentialists CANNOT admit this because to do so would be to admit that a world filled with rapists would be EXACTLY what a world run consistently on their principles would look like.
It might also be argued that men were designed for rape. So a world run by rapists would fit with a telelogical ethic as well, since rape clearly is capable of fulfilling ‘the’ purpose of sex - reproduction. Again, the weakness of teleology is its insistence upon a fixed nature of things, when it is quite clear that nature is not static. If humans have an innate moral sense, the consequentialist and teleological explanations for why this should be the case are quite different - we have a moral sense because we evolved as highly social animals, because our ancestors passed this on to us. Compare that with the teleological claim that we have an innate moral sense because that is the ‘proper’ ordering of our being, and it’s obvious that the telelologists have it backwards.
Which you would know, if you had done your homework. And until you do, I see no point in wasting further time “debating” you.
You’re right - your efforts here didn’t constitute a debate, but more of an arrogant dismissal of someone who disagrees with what you have convinced yourself is the only right way to look at the world.
 
At least you are intellectually honest. I invite you to study Catholic Theology and history more deeply. The Catholic Church counts some of the greatest minds in the world as its members.

St. Jerome
St. Augustine
St. Ambrose
St. Thomas More
St. Thomas Aquinas
Pope John Paul II
Pope Benedict XVI
The fact that it does so is less a reflection of the impact of Catholic faith, as such, and more the predominance of the church as a social and political institution at the time most of these people lived.
The Church also counts some of the greatest artists in the world is it’s members
Michelangelo
Mozart
Again, see above - the church was a great source of patronage, due to its wealth. And actually, Mozart was probably a Freemason…
Some of the greatest archeological achievements were constructed by Catholics
Due, again, primarily to the circumstance of the church’s power and wealth, not necessarily anything to do with the value of Catholic faith in and of itself.
Some of the greatest scientist were Catholic
And other great scientists and thinkers were atheists or deists. A lot of scientific thought proceeded despite Catholic/Christian faith, not because of it - consider the examples of Galileo, who was forced to recant his views under threat of imprisonment and torture; or Darwin, who neglected to publish On the Origin of Species for 20 years, largely due to his doubts about how it would be received by a predominantly Christian society.
The Catholic Church started some of the greatest universities in the world
Initially, it has to be said, to furnish the clergy and retain the Church’s claim to be the source of knowledge and truth.
The Catholic Church started the hospital system to care for the sick.
That is certainly true, but it’s not necessarily the case that hospitals would not have existed without the Church; the modern hospital system actually has its origins in the ancient, pre-Christian world; and it’s interesting that medical knowledge actually advanced at a far greater rate in the Muslim Middle East.
The world would be much bleaker without the Catholic Church.
The world would certainly be very different without the Catholic Church, but it’s wide open to debate whether it would be better or worse off.

I’m sorry if all this comes off as dismissive - I really don’t mean to sound churlish, but I have seen this argument advanced so many times, laying the credit for all these achievements at the feet of the Catholic faith, as if this is support for its inherent truth. What the argument skirts around and largely ignores are the practical implications of the Church’s existence as an institution - it was an enormous influence in political and socio-economic terms at the time most of the above-listed achievements were made, and this is at least as important, if not more important, than anything to do with the faith itself.
 
Are you saying the theory of natural law speaks for itself? Because it doesn’t. For starters, it assumes prior purpose, which cannot be demonstrated to exist. It also involves the refusal to countenance behaviours and inclinations which are, in themselves, perfectly natural in the sense that they exist in nature, but which don’t fit neatly into the order that human philosophers try to impose.
sw85 is correct; you know nothing about Natural Law. It does not presuppose prior purpose. It takes as self evident certain truths and from them deduces proper ends. The only presupposition Natural Law has is the inherent dignity of man. That is the starting point of Natural Law moral enquiry and formulation. It also does not use the existence of a ‘something’ as proof that it is “natural”. It uses the existence of somethings to arrive at a normative standard and in that sense it is inductive. Because something exists does not mean it is “normal”. Human philosophers also do not “impose” order. Order is discerned.

You are barking up so many wrong trees, I’m not even sure you are in the forest.
I have already read as much as I care to on the concept of natural law - enough to know that it is deficient as a basis for a moral system.
Hubris, pure and simple. Natural Law is what underpins our entire western civilisation. It built it. Our Laws, our institutions and our moral code, all of which you cheapen and denigrate and which, by your own admission, you cannot live up to. Note this - all nations, nation states and whole empires have fallen because they abandoned the Natural Law as a system of morality. As some have observed, the Natural Law has a habit of burying its undertakers.
Such as? It helps your debating technique if you can actually explain yourself, rather than dismissing me as ignorant because you don’t have the arguments to back up your assertions…
Kettle, pot…:rolleyes:
Again, there is nothing, in theory, for which metaphysical naturalism cannot account. And I see that you deftly sneak in the unwarranted assumption that any metaphysical or epistemological system must somehow justify itself, as if its demonstrated effectiveness in explaining the world were insufficient reason to adopt it. We wouldn’t even be having this discussion if metaphysical naturalism were as false as you claim.
Metaphysical naturalism does not refute Natural Law. It can’t.
 
The world would certainly be very different without the Catholic Church, but it’s wide open to debate whether it would be better or worse off.
Good Lord, even a rudimentary understanding of the development of western civilisation and western Europe is due to the catholic Church. Without one, the other would not have happened and you’d be wearing a burqa.
I’m sorry if all this comes off as dismissive - I really don’t mean to sound churlish, but I have seen this argument advanced so many times, laying the credit for all these achievements at the feet of the Catholic faith, as if this is support for its inherent truth. What the argument skirts around and largely ignores are the practical implications of the Church’s existence as an institution - it was an enormous influence in political and socio-economic terms at the time most of the above-listed achievements were made, and this is at least as important, if not more important, than anything to do with the faith itself.
You do come off as being dismissive. You make wild assertions, one on top of the other, with no sources to support them.

Here’s a prime example; your attempted rebuttal of the development of hospitals by the Catholic Church. Imperial Rome and Greece before her was notorious for its charlatan ‘healers’ and faith in mystic healing. The head of the household was the usual practicioner of ‘medicine’ and Rome was notorious for being pretty fatalistic when it came to diseases and illnesses. Read Medicine in Roman Times. It gets uglier the deeper you delve. By contrast, read History of Nursing - Early Christian Era. It becomes more fascinating the deeper you delve.

As for your assertion that the achievments of the Church were more important than the faith itself, you have missed the most important aspect of what you wrote. It is encapsulated in your use of the word “faith”. It was the “faith” that united the pre-Roman world during the vacuum that existed after the fall of Roman power. It was “faith” that made a retrobate like Ambrose reform his life. It was the “faith” that was the common link between every person in the former Roman Empire. It was the attractiveness of the Christian “faith” that built western civilisation. It is the “inherent truth” that attracted followers, beginning with those who laid down their lives for it.
 
Do you then view it as empowerment? Do you feel like the persuite of this pleasure is a right which no one can “take away”? Do you then feel like you have license to do whatever you want?
It has certainly been my experience that embracing my sexuality has made me a more relaxed, more open-minded and more understanding person. I don’t necessarily think that it’s everybody’s right to have sex as and when they want - it’s a shared activity, after all, so there is inevitably the need for compromise and mutual consideration. I am not such an individualist that I believe my rights trump anyone else’s.
There has, for decades been much talk of sexual empowerment. Today we hear a lot about exploring your sexuality being a “vital and important part of the growth process”. Really? In exactly what way?
Becoming familiar, confident and comfortable with one’s body, and most importantly, unashamed of it, is a form of empowerment. What’s more, the psychological benefits of a healthy sex life are not inconsiderable. The flip side is that sexual repression demonstrably leads to unhealthy obsession with sex.
You are making your self a slave, especially if you are a woman who is under the impression that you have used sex to empower your self. I have seen this play out all too many times, particularly before my reversion to the faith. You see, for a long time I felt exactly like you did about sex, that is until the wool was pulled from before my eyes.
Why especially if I’m a woman? In what way does it make me a slave to learn what my body’s natural responses are, to learn what it means to have an intimate and caring sexual relationship (as opposed to a one-sided, inconsiderate or abusive one) and to be able to know and seek out what I need and to stand up for myself if I feel I’m being mistreated? The trouble with much of our culture’s approach to sex these days is that it’s been cheapened to the status of a mere commodity - something to be taken lightly and used as social currency and proof of status. There are many people, particularly teenagers, who feel pressured to have sex, but are insufficiently supported through the experience.
It is not empowering to commit lesbian love acts because everyone else in the room thinks it’s awesome. No, what you’ve done is make your self a object. It is not empowering to go to a night club and pick up a random strange. No, what you’ve done is make your self some one elses pleasure object. It is not empowering to engage in all manner of fettish, again you are a slave, someone elses pleasure object.
I’m not sure where you got the impression that this describes my sex life! I am in complete agreement that it does nothing for one’s sense of well-being to slavishly imitate what others do because it’s considered ‘cool’ or because that’s what the popular kids are doing.
This type of thing speaks of empowerment. Or, if you want something historically verifiable, howabout the story of St. Joan of Arch, here is someone who did not make her self slave. No, she had true empowerment.
Did she really? I have had a long fascination with Joan of Arc, in fact - I even took her as my confirmation saint when I was a child growing up Catholic. Certainly, her approach was radical and unconventional, but it’s hard to think of her as other than a victim of circumstance - caught up in the ravages of war and destroyed by politics in a society that did not understand her.
Pleasure for it’s own sake, yes I believe this is called hedonism and yes I deny hedonism. I deny pleasure for it’s own sake, no matter the cost. I did not always, but I have seen the damage done. Pleasure is not in its self evil, this too is a gift from God. It’s when we order pleasure to being the greatest thing we can achieve, when pleasure has primacy over all other concerns that we have a problem. This is the fundamental problem with hedonism and (back on topic) homosexual sex, as well as gay marriage.
Interesting that every person whom I have seen roundly reject hedonism has, without exception, believed that it focuses only on bodily pleasures at the expense of “higher” pleasures. It does not. The greatest things we can achieve are only great because they give us pleasure and satisfaction. If they did not, why would we bother?
Very crude, I would suggest that a forming child in the womb is a full and complete human being. They have all the genes with which a human will ever have, they live, what greater standard do you need?
I don’t buy into the pro-choice arguments that the foetus is not alive or that it’s not human - obviously it is both of these things. But there is an appreciable difference between an early-term foetus and a born baby, for example - one is insensible, the other is sentient. Unless you arbitrarily attach ultimate intrinsic value to human life, as opposed to any other kind of life, there is no reason to consider early-term abortion any worse than killing a chicken or uprooting a carrot. It may even cause less suffering.
 
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