St John Paul has contributed to development of the Doctrine served by the use of capital punishment in the past. I’m guessing that you are from the US where capital punishment is still practiced and culturally accepted. The State in Australia I live in abolished the death penalty in 1922 and in the whole of Australia the last execution was in 1967 so I view this development as natural and in keeping with true human equality and dignity.
The Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it presents as definitive is infallible. Again you are confused on a “Capital punishment doctrine” vs pastoral advisement.
Romans 13 : 1 - 7 This is the “Doctrinal” position from Public or Divine Revelation which was expounded on by Thomas Aquinas.
Doctrine / Dogma are not “developed naturally” nor “artificailly” , they are the result of
Divine Revelation. I have yet to find a prohibition of capital punishment in scripture.
Until a Pontiff promulgates ex-cathedra the prohibition of capital punishment (which I
am sure will never happen) it is the concern of the State authorities whether I agree
with it or not. It is not a matter of Faith.
Where I reside and the cultural acceptance has nothing to do with the Faith. We both
reside in States where abortion is “culturally accepted”. One practice is prohibited by
Divine Law the other is not addressed.
There has been a lot of sophistry and ignorance throw around on this subject and thread. Misinterpretation of what is Dogma, Doctrine, the catechism, where the 5th commandment applies, where divine revenge applies and the absurd description of Christ on the cross with the thief and calling down legions … a lot of spouting for the sake of spouting.
God is a mystery. We know only what He has chosen to reveal. Human equality and dignity are of the realm of God, not what man defines based on Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the UN, the latest political, social or philosophical mood of the day. Christ is the second person of the Godhead. The God who commanded the Israelites to destroy men, women, children and livestock and the same God who fed 5000.