Keep in mind too, sometimes you read some authors and they paint a picture of history that’s incredibly exaggerated. For instance…
I’ve read some sources which claim “100 million” killed during the inquisition…really? 100 million? How is that possible?
Fact is, the Inquisition was spread over 6 1/2 centuries and was limited to very specific areas of Europe.
1184 - the Medieval Inquisition. It was relatively insignificant and died out when Cartharism disappeared.
1478 - the Spanish Inquisition. This is the biggie, it lasted 3 centuries. This is the one that Fundamentalists offer such ever-growing bogus claims as 20 million, 95 million, etc. as being killed.
1542 - the Roman Inquisition. This was the one in which Galileo was tried. It was the least active and most benign.
There is considerable dispute even among honest historians regarding how many deaths occurred under the Spanish Inquisition. Some historians asserting
fewer than three thousand death sentences during the three centuries, others putting the figure higher.
However,
as a point of comparison, there were eight hundred executions a year during the early post-Reformation period in Protestant England, where the Inquistion never operated (according to Sir James Stephens’ “History of English Criminal Law”).
Likewise, in Protestant countries there were many burned at the stake for witchcraft and executed for heresy. In 1553, Calvin had Michael Servetus, a fellow Protestant, arrested on charges of heresy. Calvin ordered him to be burned at the stake
From
Encyclopedia of Word History (non-Catholic) by Peter N. Stearns, ed., et al:
In the period 1470–1700, 5,417 women were executed (by burning or hanging) in the Swiss Confederation; in 1559–1736, 1,000 women were executed in England; and in 1561–1670, 3,229 women were executed in southeastern Germany.
Could the number of deaths during the inquisition have possibly been even close to “100 million”?
Not until modern times did the population of the whole of Europe approach 95 million. The Inquisition did not operate in England, Scandinavia, Northern Europe, or Eastern Europe. In was confined almost entirely to southern France, Italy, and Spain.
The present-day population of France, Spain, and Italy is about 150 million.
Estimates of Population Growth, 1500–1648
France: 12 to 15 million
** Spain: 6.5 to 7.5 million rise (in addition to heavy emigration to the Americas)
**Holy Roman Empire: steady at 8 million (the Thirty Years’ War took about 8 million lives)
Italy: 10 to 12 million
Low Countries: 2.5 to 3.5 million rise
British Isles: 5 to 7.5 million rise
Scandinavia: 2 to 2.5 million rise
(ibid.)
To kill 100 million during the inquisition, the Catholic Church would have had to kill every man, woman, and child in all of Europe, then import millions more just to kill them too.
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The above “estimate” is absurb, especially in light of a
(non-Catholic) BBC study which aired in a documentary called “
The Myth of the Spanish Inquisition” (June 9th, 1995), in which **they estimate 3000 to 5000 people who died during the Inquisition’s 350 year history. **
Additionally, respected
non-Catholic scholar Edward Peters, in his work,
Inquisition (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989, p. 87), states:
The Spanish Inquisition, in spite of wildly inflated estimates of the numbers of its victims, acted with considerable restraint in inflicting the death penalty, far more restraint than was demonstrated in secular tribunals elsewhere in Europe that dealtwith the same kinds of offenses. **The best estimate is that around 3000 death sentences were carried out in Spain by Inquisitorial verdict between 1550 and 1800, a far smaller number than that in comparable secular courts.
**
As a comparison, according to the
Encyclopedia of Word History:
“the bubonic plague (Black Death) that swept Europe periodically (1347–1450), causing psychological pessimism, spiritual malaise, and huge population loss (see below)”
Estimates of population decline c. 1300–1500:
Italy fell from 10 million to 7.5 million
British Isles fell from 5 million to 3 million
France fell from 17.5 million to 12.5 million
Iberia fell from 9 million to 7 million
Germany and Scandinavia fell from 11.5 million to 7 million.
[note: this period also includes the Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) between England and France]
***The black death, which killed about a third of Europe’s population caused major changes in the social structure. ***
Not so with the Inquisition, precisely because the number of victims is no where near the ridiculous estimates given by some biased against Catholicism. In fact,
Spain was the socio-political powerhouse in the period immediately following the Spanish Inquisition. This would have been unlikely given the millions and millions who supposedly died in those three centuries.