Catholicism and Free Thought

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MiddleBear:
Actually to dissent from authoritative teaching of the Church is contrary to the CCC. We are bound to follow our properly formed conscience, (thus follow the teaching of the Catholic Church).

If one does not understand the Church teaching then one need to find out more info onthe subject and to prayerfully request guidance.

See sections of CCC as follows, bold words are put in for emphasis.

CCC II. THE FORMATION OF CONSCIENCE

1783 Conscience must be informed and moral judgment enlightened. A well-formed conscience is upright and truthful. It formulates its judgments according to reason, in conformity with the true good willed by the wisdom of the Creator. The education of conscience is indispensable for human beings who are subjected to negative influences and tempted by sin to prefer their own judgment and to reject authoritative teachings.

1784 The education of the conscience is a lifelong task. From the earliest years, it awakens the child to the knowledge and practice of the interior law recognized by conscience. Prudent education teaches virtue; it prevents or cures fear, selfishness and pride, resentment arising from guilt, and feelings of complacency, born of human weakness and faults. The education of the conscience guarantees freedom and engenders peace of heart.

1785 In the formation of conscience the Word of God is the light for our path,54 we must assimilate it in faith and prayer and put it into practice. We must also examine our conscience before the Lord’s Cross. We are assisted by the gifts of the Holy Spirit, aided by the witness or advice of others and guided by the authoritative teaching of the Church.55
Middlebear, who are you responding to? The tree shows that you responded to Liberian, if I’m seeing things right, but it seems out of place, and I don’t see anyone on this board who is suggesting that you shouldn’t take pains to inform your conscience.
 
Hi Lilllabettt,

Quote: “I have a friend who thinks Catholics check their brains at the Church door. The theologians are silenced, the lay people are required to see the world through a narrow lense, etc. This friend of mine finds Catholicism intellectually oppressive. I want to show this person that the Church encourages free thinking, is quite liberal where theologians are concerend, and merely takes action to protect them and “ordinary” people from wandering into heresy. Any ideas? Good examples?”

My Comment: This view is in the culture. You can’t get rid of it but by changing the mind of one at a time. The Church sets wide paramenters on many subjects. Usually the Church, when defining a doctrine, doesn’t always rule out other interpretations as long as all the elements of a doctrine are taken into account. For example: I’m reading Fr Garrigou-LaGrange’s book on “Predestination” and in the Church their are 2 acceptable views of predestination – The Thomist view and the Molinist view. Very few verses in scripture have been absolutely defined by the Church as well.

May God bless,

James224
 
This statement is inconsistent with the CCC.

"On the contrary, if a Catholic comes to believe the Church is in error in some essential, officially defined doctrine, it is a mortal sin against conscience, a sin of hypocrisy, for him to remain in the Church and call himself a Catholic, but only a venial sin against knowledge for him to leave the Church in honest but partly culpable error. "

I still would like to see the reference that this quote is taken from.

My take is that this statement doe not make sense within the full context of Catholic Teaching, as officially defined doctrine is clearly to be followed. Dogma must be believed with the assent of faith, where-as doctrine is “approximate to faith” and essentially is given assent). See Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma by Dr. Ludwig Ott.

My take from reading the two cited sections of the CCC.

From reading the CCC section on sin we see our Lord Jesus judges the individual’s soul (thus culpability).
From reading the sectionon conscience and sin we see that in determination of the objective evilness of an act (grave matter) we are to form our conscience according to magisterial teaching.
Thus one should not leave the Catholic Church, instead assent to the magisterial teaching and pray for the grace of understanding.

Thanks
 
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MiddleBear:
This statement is inconsistent with the CCC.

"On the contrary, if a Catholic comes to believe the Church is in error in some essential, officially defined doctrine, it is a mortal sin against conscience, a sin of hypocrisy, for him to remain in the Church and call himself a Catholic, but only a venial sin against knowledge for him to leave the Church in honest but partly culpable error. "

I still would like to see the reference that this quote is taken from.

My take is that this statement doe not make sense within the full context of Catholic Teaching, as officially defined doctrine is clearly to be followed. Dogma must be believed with the assent of faith, where-as doctrine is “approximate to faith” and essentially is given assent). See Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma by Dr. Ludwig Ott.

My take from reading the two cited sections of the CCC.

From reading the CCC section on sin we see our Lord Jesus judges the individual’s soul (thus culpability).
From reading the sectionon conscience and sin we see that in determination of the objective evilness of an act (grave matter) we are to form our conscience according to magisterial teaching.
Thus one should not leave the Catholic Church, instead assent to the magisterial teaching and pray for the grace of understanding.

Thanks
Read the link once more, particularly:

1790 A human being must always obey the certain judgment of his conscience. If he were deliberately to act against it, he would condemn himself. Yet it can happen that moral conscience remains in ignorance and makes erroneous judgments about acts to be performed or already committed.

So you see, if a person, even after taking pains to inform their conscience, still for some reason believes the Church is in error in some officially defined doctrine, then that person would believe that the Church is not what she claims to be (infallible), and would condemn themselves if they were to act against their conscience by remaining in what they erroneously but honestly believe to be a fraudulent Church. There comes a point where one must make a decision one way or another.

You are only bound to follow the teachings of the Church if you recognize its authority.
 
I am a Catholic and I certainly do not agree with all the teachings and practices of our church today. Our church STILL continues to ordain homosexuals, which I do not agree with. I do not pray directly to Mary, but to our heavenly, Father in heaven. I believe that the mass should be in English as Vatican 2 decided and not revert back to the Latin as traditionalists Catholics want today. I feel a priest SHOULD have the right to marry and still serve his parish, if he so chooses. For St Peter himself was married and celibacy wasn’t enforced until many centuries after Christ founded the church.
So no, just because I am Catholic and intend to remain so, doesn't mean I check my mind at the door because I am one. No, I choose to examine for myself if what I am being told and presented stands the test of early church history, the church fathers and the scriptures themselves. :)
 
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piety101:
I am a Catholic and I certainly do not agree with all the teachings and practices of our church today. Our church STILL continues to ordain homosexuals, which I do not agree with. I do not pray directly to Mary, but to our heavenly, Father in heaven. I believe that the mass should be in English as Vatican 2 decided and not revert back to the Latin as traditionalists Catholics want today. I feel a priest SHOULD have the right to marry and still serve his parish, if he so chooses. For St Peter himself was married and celibacy wasn’t enforced until many centuries after Christ founded the church.

So no, just because I am Catholic and intend to remain so, doesn’t mean I check my mind at the door because I am one. No, I choose to examine for myself if what I am being told and presented stands the test of early church history, the church fathers and the scriptures themselves. 🙂
Ladies and Gentlemen,

If I may provide another perspective, I believe everything the Church teaches–regarding the language of the liturgy, priestly celibacy, artificial birth control, prayers to Mary and the other saints, and so on. I believe explicitly where I have checked these things out and I believe implicitly those things that I haven’t gotten to yet. (No, this is NOT blind faith; Mother Church has gotten so many things right that I believe I can trust her on the rest.)

So no, I have not checked my brains at the door either; I have examined many of the Church’s teachings in considerable depth and have found them to be sound. If I may draw an analogy, when I have a question about organic chemistry I will approach an organic chemist (either in person or through a textbook) and will pretty much trust his expertise. If I have a question about astronomy, I will approach an astronomer and will again trust his expertise. Certainly I will do a bit of thinking on the subject to see if it sounds reasonable and hangs together, but by and large I will let the expert “do my thinking for me.” If I have a question about God and what He wants us to do I will approach His representative on Earth.

The implication in many discussions on this subject is that if you dissent from the Church, it means that you are thinking for yourself while if you do not dissent from the Church, you are blindly following the teachings. In fact, very often the reverse is true. I find that in many cases the supposed skeptics have swallowed somebody’s story hook, line, and sinker and are very selective in what they are skeptical of.
  • Liberian
 
Liberian
Code:
          Tell me something, were the apostles and the early church fathers mostly correct in what they wrote and died for? Did they admit homosexuals into the priesthood? Did they allow bishops to be married? Were Rosary recitals unheard of then?  Was Peter himself married? Well, if your answer is yes, then that runs directly contrary to what the church practices today, now doesn't it? Yes or no?

            If one turns a blind eye to what the early church REALLY believed and practiced then we are no different then Pastor Billy Bob at Duckworth Baptist church. That preacher can simply tell his flock anything and the dumb sheep will follow. Is that not also true?

              To be even more emphatic, if a Catholic chooses to believe and follow everything that Rome does without question today, then what difference is that Catholic, from the brainwashed Jehovah Witness who follows blindly everything that the Watchtower organization tells them? Answer-None at all.

               That is why it is IMPORTANT to examine just what the early church REALLY taught and practiced. Otherwise you are just whistling in the wind.
 
piety101,
It sounds like a lot of the things you’re concerned about aren’t doctrines. The Rosary, homosexual priests, and married priests/bishops are all practices, not doctrines. We are very different from the early church. How many of them drove cars or spent time on online forums? Did the early church have the same clerical garb we currently have? Our practices may change, but that doesn’t mean that the Catholic Church has betrayed the early church or has strayed from what the early church believed. I personally prefer a celibate priesthood and think that there is more historical evidence for it than you seem to acknowledge, but that is really a topic for another thread.
 
My response is that the following exact quote:

"On the contrary, if a Catholic comes to believe the Church is in error in some essential, officially defined doctrine, it is a mortal sin against conscience, a sin of hypocrisy, for him to remain in the Church and call himself a Catholic, but only a venial sin against knowledge for him to leave the Church in honest but partly culpable error. "

is not stated “word for word” in any magisterial teaching or document.

The quote is a personal opinion that takes a wrong turn in it’s conclusion.

I suggest that any one who is interested in faith and free thought read Pope John Paul II enclicals Veritatis Splendor, Splenor of Truth and, Fides et Ratio, Faith and Reason.

Thanks
 
To Graceand Glory
Code:
                        Your quote; "Our practices MAY CHANGE, but that doesn't mean that the Catholic Church has betrayed the early church or has strayed from what the early church believed. I personally prefer a celibate priesthood and think that there is more historical evidence for it than you seem to acknowledge, but that is really a topic for another thread."(emphasis mine)

                         Reply-Excuse me, but any time the modern church makes a dramatic change from the beliefs and practices of the early church THAT IS straying from what the church once held to. Allowing homosexuals as ordained priests is at the top of the list and not allowing priests to marry is another.
 
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piety101:
I am a Catholic and I certainly do not agree with all the teachings and practices of our church today. Our church STILL continues to ordain homosexuals, which I do not agree with. I do not pray directly to Mary, but to our heavenly, Father in heaven. I believe that the mass should be in English as Vatican 2 decided and not revert back to the Latin as traditionalists Catholics want today. I feel a priest SHOULD have the right to marry and still serve his parish, if he so chooses. For St Peter himself was married and celibacy wasn’t enforced until many centuries after Christ founded the church.

So no, just because I am Catholic and intend to remain so, doesn’t mean I check my mind at the door because I am one. No, I choose to examine for myself if what I am being told and presented stands the test of early church history, the church fathers and the scriptures themselves. 🙂
 
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piety101:
I am a Catholic and I certainly do not agree with all the teachings and practices of our church today. Our church STILL continues to ordain homosexuals, which I do not agree with. I do not pray directly to Mary, but to our heavenly, Father in heaven.

So no, just because I am Catholic and intend to remain so, doesn’t mean I check my mind at the door because I am one. No, I choose to examine for myself if what I am being told and presented stands the test of early church history, the church fathers and the scriptures themselves. 🙂
Code:
By refusing to pray to Mary, you are going against the teaching of the Fathers.  You can look on this web site in the library.  Here are a few examples:
“Hail to you for ever, Virgin Mother of God, our unceasing joy, for to you do I turn again. You are the beginning of our feast; you are its middle and end; the pearl of great price that belongs to the kingdom; the fat of every victim, the living altar of the Bread of Life [Jesus]. Hail, you treasure of the love of God. Hail, you fount of the Son’s love for man. . . . You gleamed, sweet gift-bestowing Mother, with the light of the sun; you gleamed with the insupportable fires of a most fervent charity, bringing forth in the end that which was conceived of you . . . making manifest the mystery hidden and unspeakable, the invisible Son of the Father—the Prince of Peace, who in a marvelous manner showed himself as less than all littleness” (*Oration on Simeon and Anna *14 [A.D. 305]).

“Therefore, we pray [ask] you, the most excellent among women, who glories in the confidence of your maternal honors, that you would unceasingly keep us in remembrance. O holy Mother of God, remember us, I say, who make our boast in you, and who in august hymns celebrate the memory, which will ever live, and never fade away” (ibid.).

“And you also, O honored and venerable Simeon, you earliest host of our holy religion, and teacher of the resurrection of the faithful, do be our patron and advocate with that Savior God, whom you were deemed worthy to receive into your arms. We, together with you, sing our praises to Christ, who has the power of life and death, saying, ‘You are the true Light, proceeding from the true Light; the true God, begotten of the true God’” (ibid.).

Cyril of Jerusalem
"Then [during the Eucharistic prayer] we make mention also of those who have already fallen asleep: first, the patriarchs, prophets, apostles, and martyrs, that through their prayers and supplications God would receive our petition . . . " (*Catechetical Lectures *23:9 [A.D. 350]).

And you are certainly going against the bible, where it is very explicit that God will NOT answer our prayers if we only go directly to Him and not through human intercessors.
 
dcdurel
Your quotation failed to mention any church father who wrote that we are to pray to Mary or recite the Rosary. Cyril did mention that we are to pray for those who have gone before us or have fallen asleep, but no mention of praying to Mary at all.
 
Piety101:

If your friends define “oppressive” by saying that the doctrines are unchangeable, then it is oppressive in the post modern liberalist American sensibility. Of course! Only the audacity that truth is a democracy can make sense of this. Recall that the mother of all sin was the lie that good and evil is in the eye of the beholder-hence Original Sin.

But faith and reason has been the tradition of the church from the early apologists to Augustine to Aquinas and lately from our last 2 popes.

Please take the time to read Snakebite letters by Dr. Peter Kreeft. And once you’re done, pass it to your friends.

God bless!
A.
 
Thanks for posting this thread. Actually, it’s quite the opposite. Catholics are free to think and are encouraged to think. Here’s one proof. There are numerous Catholic research Universities in the U.S. They promote dialogue and research regarding the Christian faith. Fundamentalists and Evangelicals have a very poor record when it comes to academia. Have your friend read The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind by Mark Noll. He is an Evangelical and discusses the decay of thought among Evangelicals and Fundamentalists. Personally, I’m not full up to speed on Protestant books, but when is the last time a Fundamentalist published something that was original? When I browse the bookstores I see rehashes of the same topics.

On the other hand, Catholicism has a long tradition of original thinking. Augustine, Aquinas (skip a bit) G.K. Chesterton, Ronald Knox, John Henry Newman, Thomas Howard, Frank Sheed… The list is endless. Chesterton answered the criticism that Catholics aren’t allowed to think. He wrote that Catholics have a few Big Things they have to believe and many that they can speculate on. Protestant churhes, however, hold their parishoners to many small beliefs but let them think freely on the Big Things.

If Catholics are non-thinkers it’s because they choose to be. There are many resources available to stretch the mind. Fundamentalists and Evangelicals discourage thinking. Worship is intuitive. It’s something you feel. They love catchy phrases like “what would Jesus do?.” How many of them do you think actually sat and contemplated what Jesus did, or would do? When is the last time a Fundamentalist wrote something like Merton’s No Man is an Island? If your friend thinks that Catholics can’t think he/she should read some of the Catholic mystics. That will broaden his mind more than the drivel most Protestants publish today. One exception is Charles Colson. He’s a brilliant thinker and a Baptist none the less. He is also a strong supporter of Catholics and Catholicism. He works with Peter Kreeft on occasion and quotes him and other Catholics.

The fact is, few Protestants write like the above mentioned authors because they have shirked the importance of thought. Look at all the corny t-shirts, nick nacks, and bumper stickers and tell me they are creative. Most Protestant pop-culture is a sad copy of secular culture. It’s also one of the things that lead me to be discontented and searching. I found the Catholic Church. It is rich in history, traditions, and thought. Actually, I read and thought my way into Catholicism. I had no on-going relationship with a Catholic. Being Catholic gives one much to think about.

P.S. I would avoid the “liberal” Catholic theologians. Liberal theologians get little sympothy in this forum. Liberal = non-thinker
 
No we are not allowed to be “free thinkers.” Free thinking means you think so freely that you abondon all logic. There are no restraints on your thoughts at all any more, so anything you can think of is true if it pleases your own personal illogical sensibilites.

A great book that deals with this is “Liberalis is a Sin,” by Fr. Felix Sarda Y Salvany (originally published in 1886 and given full endorsement by the Church).
 
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Genesis315:
No we are not allowed to be “free thinkers.” Free thinking means you think so freely that you abondon all logic. There are no restraints on your thoughts at all any more, so anything you can think of is true if it pleases your own personal illogical sensibilites.

A great book that deals with this is “Liberalis is a Sin,” by Fr. Felix Sarda Y Salvany (originally published in 1886 and given full endorsement by the Church).
Here’s what it boils down to.

I can think whatever I want to think, and nobody but God knows what it is.

Therefore it’s kind of silly to “insist” that I think a certain way, because they can only measure it by external symptoms, and then only imperfectly.

The minute you tell me I “must” think a certain thing, then my thought antibodies kick in and get the defense ready to gobble the attackers.

The best way to get me to believe a certain thing is to explain it well and patiently, and be ready to listen to my side so you can try to see where I’m coming from.

The easiest thing for an intelligent dissenter to do if asked, is to answer, “yes I believe in everything the Church teaches.” That way nobody harps on those thoughts they are already sore about because they already know they are at odds.

One time I was talking with a priest just before Mass and observed, “you know, if nobody took Communion except people who truly believed in all the Church teachings, we’d save a whole lotta money on wafers.” Father laughed, a bit nervously, but conceded I was probably right.

Alan
 
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MiddleBear:
My response is that the following exact quote:

"On the contrary, if a Catholic comes to believe the Church is in error in some essential, officially defined doctrine, it is a mortal sin against conscience, a sin of hypocrisy, for him to remain in the Church and call himself a Catholic, but only a venial sin against knowledge for him to leave the Church in honest but partly culpable error. "

is not stated “word for word” in any magisterial teaching or document.

The quote is a personal opinion that takes a wrong turn in it’s conclusion.

I suggest that any one who is interested in faith and free thought read Pope John Paul II enclicals Veritatis Splendor, Splenor of Truth and, Fides et Ratio, Faith and Reason.

Thanks
Where in any document does it say that conclusions or observations must be expressed verbatim from another document? :rolleyes:

If you think the statement is wrong, explain how. I’ve already explained from the Catechism how it is correct. (I won’t ask that your explanation be verbatim from a document)
 
People who think freely, also do freely. Once someone’s mind is no longer rooted onto something firm, they are much more likely to be blown to and fro by their passions. Disorder in the mind leads to disorder in the heart and vise versa (and by disorder of the mind I don’t mean serious mental illness, I mean a disordered way of thinking).
 
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piety101:
Liberian

Tell me something, were the apostles and the early church fathers mostly correct in what they wrote and died for? Did they admit homosexuals into the priesthood? Did they allow bishops to be married? Were Rosary recitals unheard of then? Was Peter himself married? Well, if your answer is yes, then that runs directly contrary to what the church practices today, now doesn’t it? Yes or no?
Piety,

The answers to your questions are:
(1) Yes, the apostles and early church fathers were mostly correct. There were a few things–like Paul thinking he would be alive at Christ’s return (I Thess 4:17)–but they were indeed mostly correct, certainly more so than I am.
(2) I have no idea whether they admitted homosexuals into the priesthood. The modern church–if you look at the teachings coming out of Rome–says that we shouldn’t. If the American church does, that is a disciplinary issue and not a matter of doctrine or dogma.
(3) I believe yes, the early church allowed bishops to marry (I Tim 3:2-4). Again, this is a matter of discipline.
(4) No, the Rosary had not been invented/developed/received (depending on what you believe about its origins). Again, this is a matter of practice and not doctrine.
(5) Peter had a mother-in-law (Matt. 8:14). I don’t know of any evidence that he had a living wife at the time of his call.
If one turns a blind eye to what the early church REALLY believed and practiced then we are no different then Pastor Billy Bob at Duckworth Baptist church. That preacher can simply tell his flock anything and the dumb sheep will follow. Is that not also true?
I would draw a distinction between “turning a blind eye” and “following slavishly.” After all, if we are to follow like sheep the teachings and practices of the early church–and not even those teachings and practices directly, but some modern person’s reconstruction and interpretation of those teachings and practices–then we are in worse shape than the person who implicitly trusts the modern Church.
To be even more emphatic, if a Catholic chooses to believe and follow everything that Rome does without question today, then what difference is that Catholic, from the brainwashed Jehovah Witness who follows blindly everything that the Watchtower organization tells them? Answer-None at all.
That is why it is IMPORTANT to examine just what the early church REALLY taught and practiced. Otherwise you are just whistling in the wind.
The difference between the Catholic who follows Rome blindly and the Jehovah’s Witness who follows the Watchtower blindly is that the Catholic is following the true Church and will wind up in Heaven. Saying that they are equivalent is religious indifferentism, like saying that “it doesn’t matter what you believe as long as you believe something.”

But I must protest: where did I say that I or any other loyal Catholic blindly follows everything that the Church teaches? I said specifically that I had checked out a large number of Church teachings and found them to be sound. Priestly celibacy is an eminently practical practice for men who have devoted their lives to God’s work (I Cor 7:32-33). The Rosary is a strictly optional activity that many people, including me, have found very helpful. I really don’t see what is wrong with agreeing with the teachings of the Church.
  • Liberian
 
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