First problem:
There was no OT Church. I should know, I’m Jewish. The very idea of a church is foreign to Jewish faith.
You cannot have jurisdiction over that which does not exist. Any Jew will tell you this.
Israel is a people, not a Church or an ecclesial community either.
Actually, not. Moses foreshadows Christ himself. From the earliest times in the Christian Church, Christ is hailed as the New Moses. Moses does not foreshadow Peter.
The person who foreshadows Peter in the OT is Noah and the Ark foreshadows Peter’s bark, the Church.
All of these are misunderstandings of what the Catholic Church believes. More people reject what they think it Catholic belief than what is truly Catholic belief.
Clergy and laity: Taken from the early Church itself. The Acts tell us of the Apostles and the faithful who gathered around them. There was always a leadership of Heiros, which is Greek, for priest. Hence the term, hierarchy.
Maryism: The is no such thing. If you mean by this that:
Mary is the Mother of God – True. John tells us that Jesus was with God and is God. Mary is his mother. There is a big difference between this and saying that she is the mother of the God-Head. That is what many people think Catholics are saying, which they are not. She is the mother of the 2nd person of the Trinity, who is truly God.
Mary is ever virgin – True again. There is no historical evidence to the contrary. Secondly, this was part of the faith handed down to us from the first generation Christians. Third, this takes nothing away from Christ. On the contrary, it speaks about Christ. God’s son was preserved from all human weaknesses, even from the moment of conception.
Mary’s was conceived without Original Sin – True again. This is the Father’s gift to the Son. It was appropriate that the Father preserve the Son from contact with sin. Therefore, it was appropriate that the mother in whose womb he would be conceived, would be free from the sin of Adam. It was possible for God to do it, because nothing is impossible for God. So, he did it. He created a human being free of sin. How? Easy. The Cross and merits of Christ’s death extend beyond a single hour and day in Jerusalem. It spans eternity. Therefore, Mary is redeemed by the Son, before she is conceived. This too is possible for God.
Purgatory – does not deny the judgment seat of God. This is a misunderstanding. Even Jews believed that there is a transition between this life and the next, where even those who are saved must make retribution. If I steal $100 dollars from my neighbor, sorrow and contrition are good. But in justice, I must repay my neighbor. If I sin against God, sorrow and contrition are necessary for forgiveness. But God is also owed justice. Purgatory is about justice, not about taking anything from the judgment throne of God.
A need for penance – that was taught by the Apostles themselves. Conversion involved penance for one’s sins. It began with the profession of faith, but was followed by fasting and abstinence. Dates back to the early Church.
Uncertainty of salvation – only for those who deny that salvation is possible. Otherwise, there is no uncertainty taught in Catholic theology. Not sure where you got this one. Even Luther agreed that faith was necessary for salvation and that without faith, there was no salvation possible. As Augustine said, “The God who created you without your help cannot save you without your cooperation.” God does not impose salvation. He offers it. We see this very clearly in the difference between the two men crucified with Christ. The one asks for salvation and receives the promise from Christ himself. To the other, who challenges and questions Christ, Jesus makes no such promise. It’s not that salvation is uncertain. Salvation is very certain. What is uncertain is man’s cooperation with salvation.
