Jesus, at the last supper was just about to enter into his passion…he was not yet resurrected. He said “Do this in memory of me.” That was the important instruction. Also, it is a misunderstanding among Catholics that the moment of consecration is when the priest says the words “this is my body…this is my blood”. What is the consecration at mass? It is the entire Eucharistic Prayer.
But when Jesus said “This is my body” and “This is … my blood”, what He said actually came to pass: the bread and wine
did become His Body and Blood at the Last Supper.
And the Church still affirms that, at least in the Roman Rite, there are “words of consecration, by which Christ becomes present through transubstantiation” (GIRM 3) and that the genuflection made by the priest-celebrant comes “after the consecration” (GIRM 43) and that an acclamation is made by the congregation “after the consecration” (GIRM 147). A bell may be rung “a little before the consecration” (GIRM 150), presumably meaning around the part of the Eucharistic Prayer known as the first epiclesis (or the "epiclesis of consecration), rather than shortly before the Eucharistic Prayer itself begins. The priest says “Mysterium fidei” (“The mystery of faith”) “after the consecration” (GIRM 151). The use of incense is permitted “At the showing of the host and the chalice after the consecration” (GIRM 276e), the part we often call the “elevation” of the host and of the chalice.
The Church calls one and the same part of the Eucharistic Prayer both the “Institution narrative” and the “consecration”, and describes this part in this way:
In which, by means of words and actions of Christ, the Sacrifice is carried out which Christ himself instituted at the Last Supper, when he offered his Body and Blood under the species of bread and wine, gave them to his Apostles to eat and drink, and left them the command to perpetuate this same mystery. (GIRM 79d)
Thus the Church teaches that a) Christ did carry out a true sacrifice at the Last Supper, b) that the bread and wine were indeed His Body and Blood at the Last Supper, and c) that in one particular part of the Eucharistic Prayer is (at least especially or particularly) consecratory.
One note about the first epiclesis (or “epiclesis of consecration”). Going by the testimony of Scripture, we have no record of Jesus praying for the Father to send His Spirit upon the bread and wine before He said “This is my body” and “This is … my blood.” The words of blessing He said were most likely traditional Jewish words of blessing over bread and over wine, words which blessed God for His gifts. The only thing that comes close to an “epiclesis” in the Gospel accounts of the Last Supper is in John’s Gospel, and there it comes
after the consecration and consumption of the Eucharist; there, it is what we now call the “second epiclesis” or the “epiclesis of communion”, whereby the priest asks that the Holy Spirit would work in those who receive the Body and Blood, to bring about unity.
Christ’s body was NOT glorified before the resurrection.
Well, He did appear somewhat glorified in His transfiguration on the mountain, witnessed by Peter, James, and John. This seems to have been an anticipation of His glorification, just as the Last Supper was an anticipation of His sacrifice; these anticipations need not be seen merely as “pointing” to a later event, but actually making that later event present
now, as a foretaste.
Jesus’ actions at the Last Supper pointed to his suffering, death and resurrection. He did not turn bread and wine into his body and blood by saying specific words.
On the contrary, CCC 621:
Jesus freely offered himself for our salvation. Beforehand, during the Last Supper,
he both symbolized this offering and made it really present: “This is my body which is given for you” (Lk 22:19).
I think you will find it to be the perennial testimony of the Church that Christ
truly did turn the bread and wine at the Last Supper into His Body and Blood for His disciples to receive.
