Christianity, Images, Judaism and Islam

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Salvete, omnes!

As I understand it, in early (and possibly present-day) Judaism and in both present-day and early Islam, images of various kinds or, in some sects, of any kind, are very often frowned upon. As I understand it, this is, by the minds of some, because they may cause idolatrous worship by those even simply laying eyes upon them either for the briefest of times or continuously seeing them.

So, are Christians today (or were they ever) guilty of scandalizing Mulsims and Jews who hold to these views by enjoying artistic images either for religious or secular purposes either publicly or privately?

Even if we hold that simply viewing images (whether sacred or secular) does not in itself lead to idolatrous worship on the part of the one viewing them, because there may be those who do believe this, even though it may not ultimately happen to them, should we even still avoid any association with images because there are those who feel that images, whether sacred or secular, lead to idolatrous worship?

Let us take an ancient example of Judaism. Say I was a (pre-Christian) Jew living in Jerusalem. I believed it was permissible under the Law to use images, so long as they were not idolatrous, for artistic enjoyment. Would it be permissible for me, even if I knew that there were other Jews who rejected images either of any kind of of living things (as many did), to enjoy artistic images in any circumstance? Would it be permissible under God for me, even publicly, to admire images or even to keep images in my house? What if there were some who rejected images, thinking they would lead them into idolatry, though I held that there was no evidence that this was the case? Would my actions still be permissible? What if they were to enter my house and see my images? If I believed that there was no real risk of them bowing down to them, but if they themselves believed this to be the opposite case, would I be required, for their sake, to give up my images because they mrely thought that they would be led into idolatry?

Or, rather, would I only be required to give up my images if I knew that they, in fact, did cause a brother to fall into idolatry when he saw them?

Would the other person’s (wrong as it may be) belief that they might fall into idolatry be enough to cause my own having of images in my house to be considered a scandalous sin?

Let us take another example from antiquity, Christianized (and Christianizing) Rome. Surely there were still Jews even when Rome was majority Christian, who considered images, to varying degrees, as sinful, either because they believed they automatically led to idolatry or because they, for whatever reason, considered them contrary to God’s Law. I see no evidence, though, that Christians either frowned on sacred or secular artistic expression as sinful, even though it may have caused some Jews scandal. Even in early Christianizing, as I call it, Rome, there seems little to no evidence that early Christians frowned on imagery for either pruely artistic or religious purposes. Indeed, surely there were at least some Jewish converts who initially frowned on images because they either thought it was contrary to God’s Law in some way or specifically thought that viewing images of any kind would lead to idolatry? Still, this seems not to have been an issue of scandal for the early Church to have images for artistic or other reasons.

In a more modern very hypothetical situation, let us say that I live in a majority Christian town and that a majority Christian town board wishes to erect a beautiful sculpture or even a statue in honor of a public official, past or present. Ye there may either be Muslcims or Jews in my town who might think that, by merely seeing these images, they might be led into idolatry. However, I think that the Christian community would benefit from the erection of a sculpture by its beauty or by the erection of a statue which would inspire emulation of the person honored’s example. Would I and the town board be required NOT to erect either of these images because it may cause scandal, wronghenaded as we believe their beliefs may be, to the Muslim or the Jew who believes that simply viewing tha image could lead to idolatry or to either that, for some other reason, considers it contrary to theri religious Law?

I would definitely appreicate folks addressing any or all of these specific examples. Even if you wish to address the more abstract issues behind this, I would appreciate it greatly.

Gratias vobis plurimas.
 
Going back to the town example, what if there were no Jews/Muslims in a particular town who thought they would be caused to stumble by this, but, what if you knew that there were thsoe in other towns, even very far away, who would be hold this view. you wonder, ifthey had to come to your town, whether they would feel uncomfortable being around your images. Would you be obligated as a town not to erect these images, given even this possibility?
 
Generally speaking, I’m convinced that having religious images is a bad thing. In places like Iraq and Iran, which are largely Shi’a countries, idolatry is rampant. In those countries, you can find all manner of images [like paintings] of the Twelve Imams (especially of Imam Ali and Imam Hussein [may Allah be pleased with them]). I’m convinced that if Ali and Hussein knew that there were people praying to them and venerating them through imagery and such, they would be horrified.

Calligraphy is nice, though. A lot of mosques have verses of the Qur’an stylized in an artistic manner. Calligraphy doesn’t necessarily have to have the shape of a person, so I personally feel that Calligraphy is halal.

As for what christians do, I don’t really care if they use statues and/or images. What they do in their worship services is their own business. Sure; I am offended by them, but I’m not going to demand that they stop using images. It’s up to them to decide if they’re going to use images and/or statues.
 
The Catholic version of the 10 commandments differs from the Protestant, because the Protestant version includes the prohibition against images.
 
So, are Christians today (or were they ever) guilty of scandalizing Mulsims and Jews who hold to these views by enjoying artistic images either for religious or secular purposes either publicly or privately?
I think you’ll find that there are some people who spend their lives finding reasons to be offended. 😉

I’m from an Italian background so we spend a few weeks in Italy every year and it would be rather hard to avoid Christian imagery - when it’s part of the architecture, it even gets photographed.

There have been times when I’ve been inside some of the cathedrals/churches well known for their artistic gems and, well, they can be a bit overpowering from an ‘image’ point of view but they’re somebody else’s religion.
 
The Catholic version of the 10 commandments differs from the Protestant, because the Protestant version includes the prohibition against images.
**At my (protestant) Episcopal and Lutheran Churches I am able to have on permanent display the “Holy Face” that is derived from our Lord’s Burial Shroud.
But at my local Catholic Church and at my Catholic place of employment, these images are removed whenever I manage to have them put up.

What’s with that?

BTW, the image of our Lord “made without hands” is one of the reasons that Catholic and Orthodox Churches are allowed to have images of Saints and Biblical figures.
Ref. Second Council of Nicea **
 
Baha’is generally do not use images in our worship and photos or representations of the Bab and Baha’u’llah are not for public view and only used in specific cases such as during pilgrimage.

As far as say statues in general and Artistic productions as long as they are modest there are no objections.

As far as Baha’i Houses of Worship are concerned we do not use images or effigies:

O people of the world! Build ye houses of worship
throughout the lands in the name of Him Who is the
Lord of all religions. Make them as perfect as is possible
in the world of being, and adorn them with that which
befitteth them, not with images and effigies.

~ Baha'u'llah, The Kitab-i-Aqdas, p. 29
 
Very informative thus far and, thanks.

I guess, though my primary interest is in the various situations I proposed in my first post and how Christians/Jews/etc. should react to them according to the Divine Law.

Still interested in hearing responses on these.
 
I think Christianity offends Islam and Judaism in it’s substance, in that we believe God became incarnate and thus we have seen God in Person through Jesus Christ. Images might additionally be frowned upon by Judaism and Islam (I suspect more so in Islam than in Judaism) but images are a natural outgrowth of that incarnation, that God himself depicted himself into reality.

Christian liberty itself scandalizes Jews and Muslims in that we eat non-kosher food, we believe we can work on the Sabbath and our main holy day is Sunday. The point of Icons and these practices isn’t to offend, but to fully embody the Christian life. In depicting Saints and the Lord Jesus we are showing who we value in our community. In eating non Kosher we are showing we are not bound to the Old law.

If Judaism and Islam insist on saying Christian iconography is idolatry we respond to the charge and defend our practice. They either accept it or reject it.
 
Christian liberty itself scandalizes Jews and Muslims in that we eat non-kosher food, we believe we can work on the Sabbath and our main holy day is Sunday.
What on earth makes you think we care about your diet and whether you work on the Sabbath?
 
What on earth makes you think we care about your diet and whether you work on the Sabbath?
Granted you personally don’t but I have encountered Jews/Messianics/Muslims who really do care about these sorts of things. Messianic in particular are super sensitive about the subject. I suspect modern Jewish attitudes arise out of no want to convert people, but remain a Jewish community in the midst of a larger Christian/Secular community. Gentiles need not concern themselves with the law right?
 
Granted you personally don’t but I have encountered Jews/Messianics/Muslims who really do care about these sorts of things. Messianic in particular are super sensitive about the subject. I suspect modern Jewish attitudes arise out of no want to convert people, but remain a Jewish community in the midst of a larger Christian/Secular community. Gentiles need not concern themselves with the law right?
You’re under the ‘covenant with the sons of Noah’ and not our problem. Given my suspicion that most Messianics are Christians with a taste for Judaica, my guess is that they’re like reformed smokers. 😉
 
You’re under the ‘covenant with the sons of Noah’ and not our problem. Given my suspicion that most Messianics are Christians with a taste for Judaica, my guess is that they’re like reformed smokers. 😉
A covenant I suspect from a Jewish perspective Christians broke a long long time ago. I agree with you as regards Messianics, most of them are probably gentiles with an inflated taste for Judaism, though would that not be in some way good from your perspective? After all despite the many responsibilities Jews have in regards to the law you desire the blessings which come from following Torah right? you would rather die than give up what you have received in being Jewish and following the law? However imperfectly you do follow it.
 
You’re under the ‘covenant with the sons of Noah’ and not our problem.
In Christianity, since we are all children of God, everyone is our problem. This is seen by the activities of Mother Teresa whose group has taken into their orphanage, many children of different faiths. Most Christians don’t have a narrow view of some being excluded while others are chosen.
 
A covenant I suspect from a Jewish perspective Christians broke a long long time ago.
It’s arguable but even if one saw Christians as sort-of idolaters it still wouldn’t be our problem in the sense that we’re supposed to do something about it.
I agree with you as regards Messianics, most of them are probably gentiles with an inflated taste for Judaism, though would that not be in some way good from your perspective?
I’d regard the Messianic aim as being the elimination of Judaism by a kind of stealth, I prefer the honesty of real out-and-out Christians.
After all despite the many responsibilities Jews have in regards to the law you desire the blessings which come from following Torah right? you would rather die than give up what you have received in being Jewish and following the law? However imperfectly you do follow it.
It’s who we are.
 
In Christianity, since we are all children of God, everyone is our problem. This is seen by the activities of Mother Teresa whose group has taken into their orphanage, many children of different faiths. Most Christians don’t have a narrow view of some being excluded while others are chosen.
Apples/oranges. I give up a day’s earnings a week to do what I do for Charity, there’s a difference between that and wanting to convince people that their religion is wrong.

Since we don’t see you as being in any way disadvantaged by not being Jewish - in terms of hope for the ‘world to come’ - there’s no need for us to do anything.
 
It’s arguable but even if one saw Christians as sort-of idolaters it still wouldn’t be our problem in the sense that we’re supposed to do something about it.

I’d regard the Messianic aim as being the elimination of Judaism by a kind of stealth, I prefer the honesty of real out-and-out Christians.

It’s who we are.
This is something I don’t understand about modern Judaism. Why isn’t it your problem that People are worshipping falsely the God of Abraham and Moses or perhaps making an Idol of that God? Are Jews no longer lights for the Nations?

Interestingly enough I look at Messianicism the opposite way, the elimination of Christianity by a kind of stealth.
 
This is something I don’t understand about modern Judaism. Why isn’t it your problem that People are worshipping falsely the God of Abraham and Moses or perhaps making an Idol of that God? Are Jews no longer lights for the Nations?
If we don’t see you as being disadvantaged - even advantaged in that you haven’t got all the ‘observing’ to do - by not being Jews, the best thing is for Christians, for example, to be the best Christians they can be while we carry on carrying on.
 
If we don’t see you as being disadvantaged - even advantaged in that you haven’t got all the ‘observing’ to do - by not being Jews, the best thing is for Christians, for example, to be the best Christians they can be while we carry on carrying on.
Do we think we are doing right by God and thus being advantaged in our current state?
 
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