I was taught that the New Covenant supercedes the old law and although the early Church (after the biblical times) allowed the last of the chosen people (those born before Christs death) permission to practice the rites of the old testament untill their deaths, anyone born in the messianic age is no longer part of a chosen race set aside as the chosen nation is now everybody. The last Jew in the history of the world likely died by 170 AD. Note that the descendants of the Jews have made some of the greatest contributions to the Holy Church of any of the races of men. The Catholic Church is itself the modern and updated nation of Israel!
The last of the chosen people? Scripture doesn’t teach anything about the “last of the chosen people” or “the last Jew”. The New Covenant is inheretly Israeli, or “Jewish”. When it came to Israel and the New Covenant, according to the prophet Jeremiah, God did not “update” or “modernize” anything. Jeremiah said that God would-
“put my law in their minds and write it on their hearts”, as well as
"For I will forgive their wickedness and will remember their sins no more. As we all know, this was all done through the one and only Son of the God of Israel, Jesus Christ.
And to the glory of God, all peoples can come to Him by His Son. This truth was revealed by God to St.Peter, who was a Jew, and was confirmed by Jews(Acts 11:18).
From my somewhat limited readings of the OT (recent great adventure study + a couple times through myself)…
Pay close attention at what ethnic people are being addressed here-
**Jeremiah 31:31-37
“The time is coming,” declares the LORD,
“when I will make a new covenant
with the house of Israel
and with the house of Judah.
It will not be like the covenant
I made with their forefathers
when I took them by the hand
to lead them out of Egypt,
because they broke my covenant,
though I was a husband to them,”
declares the LORD.
“This is the covenant I will make with the house of Israel
after that time,” declares the LORD.
“I will put my law in their minds
and write it on their hearts.
I will be their God,
and they will be my people.
No longer will a man teach his neighbor,
or a man his brother, saying, ‘Know the LORD,’
because they will all know me,
from the least of them to the greatest,”
declares the LORD.
“For I will forgive their wickedness
and will remember their sins no more.”
This is what the LORD says,
he who appoints the sun
to shine by day,
who decrees the moon and stars
to shine by night,
who stirs up the sea
so that its waves roar—
the LORD Almighty is his name:
“Only if these decrees vanish from my sight,”
declares the LORD,
“will the descendants of Israel ever cease
to be a nation before me.”
This is what the LORD says:
“Only if the heavens above can be measured
and the foundations of the earth below be searched out
will I reject all the descendants of Israel
because of all they have done,”
declares the LORD.**