There’s no difference between a 4:30 pm mass and a mass at midnight. Both are vigil masses.
This is actually not true.
There are four different liturgies for Christmas.
- Vigil of the Nativity of our Lord (aka Christmas Eve) << in the 1962 Missal, the priests still word Purple for this Mass)
- Christmas Mass During the Night (in the 1962 Missal it was called “The Nativity of Our Lord:, First Mass at Midnight”) << this is the earliest time when the priest was allowed to wear white. Different reading from the Vigil
- Christmas Mass at Dawn (in the 1962 Missal it was called “The Nativity of Our Lord, The Second Mass at Dawn”) << different readings from midnight mass.
- Christmas Mass During the Day (in the 1962 Missal it was called “The Nativity of Our Lord, The Third Mass During the Daytime” << again, different readings from the Dawn Mass.
All four have different Liturgies. TRADITIONALLY, three of them had to take place on Dec 25th and only the Vigil was on the 24th.
The 1970 Missal essentially kept the four Masses from the 1962 Missal. However, in recent years, the Mass at Night has been interpreted to be after Vespers (which was not the way it was in the 1962 Missal, nor was it the intention of the 1970 Missal).
While the Pope allows the Mass at night to take place at 9PM in the Vatican, it wasn’t really supposed to be that way. The Vigil was any & all masses which started on 12/24, while the Mass at Night was supposed to be for everything starting between midnight and before dawn.
If you look at the rubrics for the Christmas Vigil Mass it says “
This Mass is used on the evening of December 24, either before or after First Vespers (Evening Prayer I) of the Nativity.”
If you look closing to the rubrics for Dec 25th, it says (right before the Mass At Night begins) “
On the Nativity of the Lord all Priests may celebrate or concelebrate three Masses, provided the Masses are celebrated at their proper times.”
Also, based on the Entrance Antiphons for the Mass At Night - it is strongly implied that this mass was intended to begin at or after midnight: “
The Lord said to me: You are my Son. It is I who have begotten you this day. Or:
Let us all rejoice in the Lord, for our Saviour has been born in the world. Today true
peace has come down to us from heaven.”
Point is: if a Parish wants to have mass at 9 or 10 PM on Dec 24th, that’s fine. But technically speaking, they should use the Christmas Vigil liturgy, as the Christmas at Night (or during the Night) was originally intended to be used on Dec 25th.
God Bless