In Philadelphia, we have the oldest parish in continuous existence in the United States (which was founded in the Colonies, not in the previously Spanish controlled areas).
The three Catholic Churches built in the 1700s in Philadelphia do not look like Churches. They were built to look like other things so Catholics could worship in secret. Until the Revolution, Philadelphia was the only place in the British Empire where Catholics could worship publicly, but they still needed to hide because it was still illegal. However, the Quakers simply ignored the law and didn’t legally prosecute Catholics.
In the 1800s, when the Cathedral Basilica was being built, the No Nothing Riots were taking place in New York, Philadelphia, etc. Some Catholic Churches were burned down in Philadelphia and some others were saved by tolerant Protestants. Because of the riots, the Cathedral Basilica was built with no windows except as skylights at at the very top. That way rocks and torches could not be thrown through the windows.
In all states, it used to be illegal for Catholics to hold public office unless they renounced the Pope. North Carolina was the last state to remove that law in the early 20th century.
America was a land of religious freedom for Protestants only. Even the original Catholic colony of Maryland was taken over, outlawing Catholicism in Maryland with Catholics being massacred.
Below are some websites:
genealogical-gleanings.com/17thc%20Maryland.htm
ushistory.org/us/5a.asp
amchs.org
cathedralphila.org/about/about-the-cathedral/#history