Church of England ordains women as vicars and priest... but why not as bishops?

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I think we have nailed this perfectly; they ordain women yes, but just not to the top role of clergy. So in a sense they believe what we Catholics believe except that they twist it slightly. Women are not to teach over men nor to have authority, so the Anglicans just ordain them but simply not to the top. Hmm…

Thank you all greatly, please do continue if you wish. I am enjoying reading your text.

xxx Blessings all around! xxx
No, that isn’t really it. The bishop in my diocese is a woman. But since woman have not been in the priesthood for long (not at all in some places), in some places it is only recently become an issue to have women bishops.

But because of the specific type of ministry a bishop has, female bishops will cause serious division. So even some people who agree with it in theory are hesitant to go ahead without the agreement of all.
 
No, that isn’t really it. The bishop in my diocese is a woman. But since woman have not been in the priesthood for long (not at all in some places), in some places it is only recently become an issue to have women bishops.

But because of the specific type of ministry a bishop has, female bishops will cause serious division. So even some people who agree with it in theory are hesitant to go ahead without the agreement of all.
indeed, I want to add that you will find very little scriptural reasoning behind the ordination of women because most of the Anglican Churches’, especially those in the West, feel there are no major scriptural barrier to ordaining women. Christ’s saving grace does not discriminate, neither should we. Separate but equal is a big big falsehood Many early church fathers and other saints clearly thought of women as poorly made men or somehow disordered, obviously our feelings have changed, so should man made rules.
 
I think we have nailed this perfectly; they ordain women yes, but just not to the top role of clergy. So in a sense they believe what we Catholics believe except that they twist it slightly. Women are not to teach over men nor to have authority, so the Anglicans just ordain them but simply not to the top. Hmm…
Zundrah,

I am rather mystified by how you get this from the discussion so far. I would have hoped that we had cleared up your misconception, but apparently you cling to it rather stubbornly.

As I said above, no one believes theologically that women may be ordained priests but not bishops. But as a practical question of preserving unity, many people who have no problem with the ordination of women have held back (rightly, in my opinion) on consecrating female bishops because it will lead to division, and because the episcopate is the instrument of Catholic unity (yes, we think we are Catholics in some sense!) and we ought not to change the order of the episcopate without the consent at least of those Christians with whom we are presently in communion.

The truth is exactly the opposite of what you have stated.

Edwin
 
Exactly. No one who believes theologically that women should be priests doesn’t believe that they should be bishops or vice versa. But the ecclesial implications of the episcopate are much greater. So many people who support women’s ordination in principle have held back on the question of the episcopate out of respect and desire to maintain unity with those who disagree.

There are a lot of folks–I’m one of them–who find the theological arguments for women’s ordination convincing but who believe that it isn’t our business to ram our theology down the throats of our brothers and sisters. First of all, we could be wrong, and if we are right we can trust that the Holy Spirit will cause the Church as a whole to come to be of our mind.

Edwin
so, when God said that women is not to speak in teh Church. what do you think he meant?
 
I think we have nailed this perfectly; they ordain women yes, but just not to the top role of clergy. So in a sense they believe what we Catholics believe except that they twist it slightly. Women are not to teach over men nor to have authority, so the Anglicans just ordain them but simply not to the top.
I don’t think that is quite right. Perhaps you don’t remember how controversial female ordination was in the Church of England. On this side of the Atlantic it seemed a bit strange because The Episcopal Church already had female priests. But during the early 1990s, there was a lot of heat over the issue in Britain. After the approval of female priests in 1994, some traditional Anglicans left for the Catholic Church. Others decided to remain and reluctantly put up with female priests by simply avoiding them.

However, it is harder to avoid a bishop, so the ostrich trick won’t work anymore. And this is why many traditionalists may bolt the Church of England.
 
so, when God said that women is not to speak in teh Church. what do you think he meant?
Paul said that (though some have suggested that that statement was interpolated later). The Church has accepted that this text is divinely inspired and the Word of God, so your terminology isn’t entirely wrong, but I think it’s misleading to put it quite that way. It implies an Islamic view of inspiration in which historical context and personal bias become irrelevant.

Why would a divinely inspired author tell the Corinthians that women should be silent? Perhaps because certain women in that community were being disruptive (perhaps wealthy women in whose homes the liturgy was taking place?), and in a society where female virtue was identified with silence and submission this behavior was bringing disgrace on the Christian community.

Pope Benedict agrees with me that we cannot take such passages in a literal and absolute manner. The present Catholic position is not based on this kind of Biblical literalism.

Edwin
 
Paul said that (though some have suggested that that statement was interpolated later). The Church has accepted that this text is divinely inspired and the Word of God, so your terminology isn’t entirely wrong, but I think it’s misleading to put it quite that way. It implies an Islamic view of inspiration in which historical context and personal bias become irrelevant.

Why would a divinely inspired author tell the Corinthians that women should be silent? Perhaps because certain women in that community were being disruptive (perhaps wealthy women in whose homes the liturgy was taking place?), and in a society where female virtue was identified with silence and submission this behavior was bringing disgrace on the Christian community.

Pope Benedict agrees with me that we cannot take such passages in a literal and absolute manner. The present Catholic position is not based on this kind of Biblical literalism.

Edwin
the holy father agrees with you? humnnm!
so, your perhaps… is the correct interpretation of this passage?
 
the holy father agrees with you? humnnm!
I should have provided the link. Here it is, and here’s the relevant passage:
The Apostle accepts as normal the fact that a woman can “prophesy” in the Christian community (I Cor 11:5), that is, speak openly under the influence of the Spirit, as long as it is for the edification of the community and done in a dignified manner.
Thus, the following well-known exhortation: “Women should keep silence in the Churches” (I Cor 14:34) is instead to be considered relative. Let us leave to the exegetes the consequent, much discussed problem of the relationship between the first phrase — women can prophesy in Churches — and the other — they are not permitted to speak; that is, the relationship between these two apparently contradictory instructions. This is not for discussion here.
And yes, I know that this is not covered by the charism of infallibility–but it is deserving of the respect of Catholics, right?

Edwin
 
REPLY TO CONTARINI’S POST…

Perhaps because they don’t see any orthodox rationale behind it that makes sense? Your argument, and I know you hate the comparison or slippery slope arguments, is always based on the prejudiced, bigoted, narrow-minded social views of the Fathers. You view them as enlightened on soteriological views, christological views, etc. But you view them as chauvenist pigs and homophobes so we can’t trust them on anything related to sexuality or men and women in those areas. Perhaps we should question many of their prejudiced views in these areas socially. Slavery, which was condoned then, is intolerable to be sure. So I see where you’re going with the argument. But my concern is, where is the line drawn? I know you hate the slippery slope argument because too many of them are made these days but honestly, where does it end? How can we ever prove to what degree the Holy Spirit OR the personal prejudices of their age informed their opinions, which we value so much? With that view, we’d have to question the Old Testament also. How much of Moses’ law was from God and how much was his own homophobia and chauvenism?

I still say we should, as any good Christian should, look at Christ. Why were there no female apostles? As I’ve argued before, Christ was no shrinking violet afraid to buck the system and bring controversy. I think you’ll agree with me on that one. He went against the grain on so many things from healing on the sabbath to forgiving an adutleress to hanging out with tax collectors and centurions, ripped apart the Pharisees AND the Sadducees, which is like blasted both Democrats and Republicans (which I wish more people would do incidentally! :)), he forgave sins, you name it, overthrew the money changers’ tables and blasted the commercialization of the temple, claimed he was the Son of Man, etc. etc. So, given all those factors that show Christ had zero fear of angering people if he felt he was on the side of truth and God, why, if women deserved to be and by their biological nature should be equal with men in the priesthood, why did Christ ordain 12 men? Surely there were good, holy, devout women who would be deserving, right? What about Mary Magdelene, Mary and Martha, the BVM, etc? So either there was a huge shortage of women (which I doubt), Christ was a chauvenist who hated women like the bigoted Fathers (which is impossible as He is perfection and God’s Son), or a third option----Christ felt women shouldn’t be in the position of presbyter or episkopos…Also, the priesthood of Israel was all-male as well. Either the Mosaic Law is more of man than of God and is deeply misogynist or perhaps that’s the way God wanted it?

Sometimes we amateur philosophers dig so deep and try to hard to rationalize, analyze, and we consider everything except the simple. Sometimes God is simple. Those conservatives you dislike so much have far more on their side of the argument, IMO, than you do in this debate.
 
Also, when you tell me that it’s patently false that women aren’t considered inferior and property, etc. Note that I’m not saying all the Fathers didn’t feel this way. I’m merely saying the Catholic and Orthodox Churches don’t feel that way now. And I also don’t believe ALL the Fathers held these views.

I also don’t see it in black and white terms like you do on the options we have. You either think we should treat women like a used oil filter with zero influence or power or they should be 100% in every capacity of power and sacramental conference that men have. I’m wondering why we only have those two options? Socially the Fathers didlive in a time of prejudices, slavery, and chauvenism. That doesn’t mean we must all be those things. Socially women can be anything a male can be. It’s only within the ecclesiastical sphere that women biologically are not meant for fatherhood, that is, priesthood. You seem to be minimizing women in a way. If a woman can’t be a priest or heck, a full on bishop, they might as well be an old shoe. I wonder why we can’t have deaconesses, nuns, women office managers like we do at the Catholic Church here (who has more power than just about anybody, trust me!), women leading catechism programs (mostly all female led here and the lady they have is a real dictator, too! Trust me, she’s not lacking in power!), women in the Christophers who take communion to shut-ins, Catholic daughters, female missionaries, women leading bible studied, etc. Why is this a civil rights issue within the Church when the Church is not a secular body that views everything as the secular world does? Because birth control is a secular given, must the Church adopt it? Because gay marriage is so widely loved now, must the Church undertake it? Many would say that’s a civil rights, human rights, dignity issue also? What’s stopping that? Secular values say abortion is a type of health care for women, should the Church follow suit? At what point is the secular value system divergent from the ecclesiastical world?

You believe the TEC’s decision to go ahead with WO was a “tragic mistake” despite personally feeling it worthwhile. This is exactly what’s wrong with the Anglican ethos in general…You seem to feel WO is a just cause and from your tone and defensive posture you believe WO is a moral imperative, a human rights issue. What is contradictory, and this is the essense of much of Anglican approaches to such things, is that you think it should be suspended or even ignored, walking cautiously. If it’s what you say it is, this much of an issue of dignity and the social justice gospel, it should be a huge priority and a sense of urgency. Yet you sluff off the sense of emergency and don’t like me accusing you of it. It was a positive accusation if you do indeed believe what you say. Otherwise, it’s tantamount to saying, “women should be priests and bishops. It’s a basic human right. Dignity calls for it, God calls for it, it’s only fair and basic humanity to our sisters in Christ HOWEVER not now, let’s hold off on it, maybe even not go through with it…”

I do bother to engage what you’re saying, despite your statement in the last paragraph. I’ve engaged it throughout this post and in prior ones. We simply don’t agree so you assume I’m just screaming while you’re rationally explaining. Not the case.
 
I hear what you’re saying that what my views are about women are mostly modern ones. That’s fine. We have grown as a human race in how we view women. But your conclusion is that since I personally view women as equal to men in dignity, intellectual capacity, talent, and worth that I must then proceed to ordain them to the episcopacy and presbyterate. I disagree. The priesthood is not the U.S. Senate, for example, or the Secretary of State. Hillary Clinton is not standing spiritually and metaphysically in persona christi as Christ Himself. She is not being a Father for her flock. She is not standing in place of the male Christ in a tradition of all-male priests with a history of 12 apostles elected all male by Christ. She is in a secular capacity in a cabinet position given her by a president to work out foreign policies, treaties, conduct foreign relations, and improve our standing in the world while keeping it safe. And I’m fine with that. God’s speed to her. She is not in a spiritual situation pretending to be what the Church and obviously Christ decided can only be a male institution.
It seems that no matter how often I say that my position is based on orthodox Christian theological premises, no one will believe me. No matter how often I make a Christological argument, I will be told that I’m just making a sociological argument based on modern fashion.

Yes, indeed. And that’s a very instructive case. The Gnostics allowed women to lead because the Gnostics thought the body didn’t matter. That supports my interpretation of the situation, which is that *everyone *in the ancient world thought women were inferior on the physical, biological level, while on the level of the soul they were not only equal but indistinguishable from men. Hence the Gnostic language about “making the female male.” It was the body that made some people inferior to others.

In the context of those cultural assumptions, the Fathers were absolutely right to reject women’s ordination.

That’s just plain false, historically. St. Thomas Aquinas taught this, and he differed from other patristic medieval theologians only in the depth and rigor with which he expressed himself.

I don’t understand how people can read any patristic or medieval theologian at any length and not recognize that they were extremely “misogynistic” by our standards. Not just by my standards–not just by the standards of the Episcopal Church–but by the standards of Pope Benedict or JPII or Peter Kreeft or even C. S. Lewis, though Lewis came a lot closer to the traditional view than the others mentioned.

The repeated claim to the contrary by conservatives is a case of willful blindness to reality.

Now either we should return to the traditional view whole hog, affirming that women lack the “ruling faculty” and should have no position of authority in society, but should be treated as less rational and more passionate beings who cannot be expected to be intellectually or (usually) morally equal to men–or we should accept the fact that we don’t believe that any more and look at the consequences in the light of the unchanging truth of the Christian Faith.

You think that. It’s a peculiarly modern idea. Show me one theologian before the Reformation who thought this way. (Not that the Reformation changed things in itself, but after that point you start to see some expressions of a more egalitarian approach.)
I’m specifically talking about gender, but the idea of difference in equality would have seemed nonsensical to Aquinas at least (and I think to premodern theologians generally) no matter how it was applied. Sure, two different beings may be roughly equal in dignity, but only because one of them is superior in some ways and others in others. The idea that difference in itself could be complementary rather than hierarchical is, it seems to me, alien to premodern European thought.

I don’t see where I have expressed any urgency. I belong to a church where women are already being ordained. That is not an aspect of this church to which I have any objection in itself. However, the reasons many Episcopalians believe in women’s ordination are clearly flawed in many cases, and I think that the decision to go ahead with women’s ordination was a tragic mistake.

I’m concerned by the fact that the world sees the Church as the last outpost of sexism, so sure, I’d like to see this resolved sooner rather than later. But that is not a justification for Episcopalians charging ahead as we have done–if the “slippery slope” argument indicates nothing else, it indicates that we ordained women for the wrong reasons and as part of a broader agenda that was unorthodox.

That’s a pejorative way of saying that I’m arguing on the basis of orthodox Christian theology for a position that you have simply decided a priori can’t be defended on that basis. So you don’t bother actually to engage what I’m saying.

Edwin
 
Perhaps because they don’t see any orthodox rationale behind it that makes sense? Your argument, and I know you hate the comparison or slippery slope arguments, is always based on the prejudiced, bigoted, narrow-minded social views of the Fathers.
No, that’s a caricature of what I’m saying. I don’t condemn them morally at all. They had an honest, apparently well-founded belief about female inferiority. We (not just liberal Episcopalians but practically everyone, certainly including the Pope and most defenders of the male-only priesthood) now think that those views were wrong.

You admit later on that you think we *do *hold to more adequate views of the dignity of women today. We don’t actually differ on this. All I’m saying is that when their view of the role of women was clearly directly dependent on these views we now think were wrong, we need to look fairly and honestly at the consequences of this.
But you view them as chauvenist pigs and homophobes so we can’t trust them on anything related to sexuality or men and women in those areas.
Not at all. It’s not about “trust.” It’s about the implications of something on which nearly everyone is agreed. I think they had a lot of wise things to say about sexuality–for instance, their ethic of restraint of the passions, while not without its flaws, is badly needed today, when passions are seen as unqualified goods. And even with regard to gender I wouldn’t assume that they have nothing of value to say. They certainly opposed the double standard in sexual morality held by the Roman pagan world. And Perpetua or Olympias or Monica would be much better role models for contemporary Christian women than many contemporary figures I could mention:D
Perhaps we should question many of their prejudiced views in these areas socially. Slavery, which was condoned then, is intolerable to be sure.
Yes, although the slavery they were dealing with wasn’t race-based in the way 19th-century slavery was, and in the form in which the Christians tolerated it was really just an extreme form of social inequality. So while it wasn’t desirable, I wouldn’t put it in the same category as later American slavery.
So I see where you’re going with the argument. But my concern is, where is the line drawn? I know you hate the slippery slope argument because too many of them are made these days but honestly, where does it end?
It ends at the point where we are no longer applying the principles of the historic Faith, but subverting them.

You won’t like this, but I think that reasonable and devout people can differ on how this applies to homosexuality. I am totally unconvinced by the case that heterosexual marriage is one of the cultural prejudices that we should re-examine. But I don’t dismiss the case out of hand just because it goes against tradition. I have thought about the liberal argument, and I don’t think it works. But in the end what I think isn’t of huge importance. What matters is that the Church as a whole is not persuaded by it–and of course the Church as a whole is not persuaded by the pro-WO case either. I’m simply putting the case for women’s ordination because I haven’t heard a good answer for it, in the way that I think there are good answers for the pro-gay case. And that does create problems when I propose angering my wife and denying the validity of the orders of people from whom I have received the Eucharist (some of whom are personal friends) in order to submit to Sacred Tradition.
With that view, we’d have to question the Old Testament also.
You say that as if we don’t do exactly that as a matter of course.

Slaughtered any idolaters lately? Is there a Hindu temple near you? Why haven’t you massacred them all? (OK, maybe Hindus aren’t idolaters in the sense intended by the OT, but that’s a difficult and dubious question at best.)
I still say we should, as any good Christian should, look at Christ. Why were there no female apostles? As I’ve argued before, Christ was no shrinking violet afraid to buck the system and bring controversy. I think you’ll agree with me on that one.
Well, of course I don’t think He was a shrinking violet! But that’s a very modern way of putting it. Respecting the traditions of your culture isn’t being a “shrinking violet”–it’s only proper and virtuous:D. And Jesus clearly was a real first-century Jew who thought and acted as a first-century Jew except when this would be sinful and/or conflict with His mission. We won’t convince each other on this one–I think this is one of the very weakest anti-WO arguments out there, and there are a lot of weak ones.
So, given all those factors that show Christ had zero fear of angering people if he felt he was on the side of truth and God, why, if women deserved to be and by their biological nature should be equal with men in the priesthood, why did Christ ordain 12 men?
Because it isn’t about “deserving.” Jesus did not become incarnate to establish feminism or egalitarianism. I have said this over and over, and I wish people would believe that I mean it!

You keep putting in my mouth the view that the Fathers were misogynistic in some sinful way. I don’t think that was necessarily true–maybe in a few cases, but not all. They simply had a certain view of the world which most people today think was wrong. Again, I wish you would believe that I really mean this!

Edwin
 
Also, when you tell me that it’s patently false that women aren’t considered inferior and property, etc. Note that I’m not saying all the Fathers didn’t feel this way.
Then we agree!
I’m merely saying the Catholic and Orthodox Churches don’t feel that way now.
Exactly what I’m saying! (Well, I wouldn’t speak for all the Orthodox–or even all the Catholics–but definitely the Pope and most Catholics in the Western world don’t feel that way, and the defenses of the male-only priesthood in traditional Catholic/Anglican/Orthodox circles don’t rest on this premise.)
And I also don’t believe ALL the Fathers held these views.
I think that your reluctance to believe this is based in your assumption that it’s a moral flaw, instead of simply an erroneous view about biology, similar to geocentrism or the view that worms are generated by the sun from decaying matter (or the flatness of the earth, though that was only held by a few of the Fathers and practically none of the medieval theologians). I don’t blame you for starting out with that assumption, since it’s indeed the assumption of most feminists. But I wish you and others would believe me when I say over and over that that’s not what *I *think. (No doubt sinfulness entered into it in many cases–obviously it’s flattering to the male ego to believe itself superior–but it was a sincerely held intellectual belief.)
I also don’t see it in black and white terms like you do on the options we have. You either think we should treat women like a used oil filter
I appreciate your colorful language, but unfortunately your metaphors often distort what we are talking about. I don’t think that’s what the Fathers did or what they advocated. I think that they treated women like “weaker vessels” who were less rational and more subject to the passions, but who could overcome this to some degree by divine grace. Hence they could be saints and martyrs and ascetics but should not be given any regular office that involved rule.

Read Chrysostom’s homily on Ephesians 5:22-24. These are not the words of a man who thought women should be treated like used oil filters. They are powerful, eloquent, beautiful words, and our present conception of women’s equality probably wouldn’t exist if not for Chrysostom and others like him (though counterfactuals are hard to prove). My feminist professor in grad school could see only the patronizing, patriarchal tone. I read the sermon and I’m blown away by the grace and beauty of the theology of marriage found here.

But the patronizing, superior tone *is *there. Not because Chrysostom didn’t respect women, but because Chrysostom held certain beliefs about women’s bodies and how those bodies affect their immortal, rational souls. Therefore, those of us who don’t hold those beliefs need to revise (not abandon) Chrysostom’s view of marriage and related matters.

In all fairness, the tone he advises husbands to take to their new wives (“mould her,” “lay down laws for her,” etc.) derives in large measure from the fact that men were typically around 30 when they first got married and brides were likely to be in their teens. But that cultural custom itself reflected the assumption that marriage was an asymmetrical relationship between a more rational male worthy of rule and a flighty, passionate, immature female.
with zero influence or power or they should be 100% in every capacity of power and sacramental conference that men have. I’m wondering why we only have those two options?
Because either women’s bodies, being softer and less fully formed and hence imperfect, limit the extent to which women can be rational and bear rule, or they don’t. It really is an either/or. If the traditional belief is true, then the kind of benevolent patriarchy advocated by Chrysostom is a wonderful thing. If it isn’t, then it isn’t. Either women have the hegemonic faculty or they don’t.
Socially the Fathers didlive in a time of prejudices, slavery, and chauvenism. That doesn’t mean we must all be those things. Socially women can be anything a male can be. It’s only within the ecclesiastical sphere that women biologically are not meant for fatherhood, that is, priesthood.
But this doesn’t make any sense. The two things went together for the Fathers–for everyone until recently. Women couldn’t be ordained for *exactly *the same reasons that they couldn’t be city magistrates, or university professors, or any other non-hereditary position that involved authority over men (even hereditary positions of royalty or nobility were controversial, but in those cases you had two different hierarchical principles in conflict).

So much of your rhetoric simply doesn’t apply to what I am arguing.
 
You believe the TEC’s decision to go ahead with WO was a “tragic mistake” despite personally feeling it worthwhile. This is exactly what’s wrong with the Anglican ethos in general…You seem to feel WO is a just cause and from your tone and defensive posture you believe WO is a moral imperative, a human rights issue.
Gurney, with all due respect, you frequently attribute to me (and I think to others as well) “tones” and attitudes that conflict with what we are actually saying. I think it is a theological imperative and only a moral imperative for that reason. And as I said, I could be wrong. I am proposing this view for consideration, because what I hear from conservative Catholic/Anglican/Orthodox defenders of tradition is a constant chorus of straw man arguments, dismissals, pure appeals to authority, innovative new theories about human nature that make no sense in terms of the tradition, and so on. I don’t hear this issue being dealt with in terms of the Church’s theological tradition. It may well be that when these arguments are dealt with, someone will show that I and other advocates of WO are heard. But as long as advocates of WO are simply silenced, as is the case in the Roman Communion right now, the issue is never going to be resolved properly one way or the other.
What is contradictory, and this is the essense of much of Anglican approaches to such things, is that you think it should be suspended or even ignored, walking cautiously. If it’s what you say it is, this much of an issue of dignity and the social justice gospel, it should be a huge priority and a sense of urgency.
Gurney, please tell me when I have used the phrase “social justice gospel” once in this discussion? Those aren’t my grounds.
I do bother to engage what you’re saying, despite your statement in the last paragraph. I’ve engaged it throughout this post and in prior ones. We simply don’t agree so you assume I’m just screaming while you’re rationally explaining. Not the case.
But you repeatedly claim that I’m making a social-justice argument, no matter how often I say that I’m making an argument based on traditional Christology and anthropology.

The Fathers believed that
There is one human nature, assumed by Christ for our salvation
Women possess that human nature but express it imperfectly, due to their biological inferiority which causes them to lack the “ruling faculty”
Therefore, men are the more perfect instantiations of the one human nature, and in becoming a male human being Christ assumed the common human nature in its more perfect form
Therefore, only men can represent Christ sacramentally.

I believe that
There is one human nature, assumed by Christ for our salvation
Men and women both possess that human nature, neither more perfectly than the other, though they express it differently because of their different bodies
Therefore, both men and women can represent Christ sacramentally

Catholic/Anglican/Orthodox defenders of the male-only priesthood seem to believe for the most part that
There is a bifurcated human nature, and Christ assumed the male form of it
Yet, neither form of human nature is superior to the other–they are just different
Since Christ assumed the male and not the female version of human nature, women cannot represent Christ sacramentally
Yet, women can somehow be saved by the male Christ, even though they do not participate in the nature He assumed (otherwise they could be ordained)

This contradicts basic principles of orthodox Christianity.

Note this: I’m making an argument about *orthodoxy. *Any response by you that treats my argument as a social-justice argument instead of an argument about Christological and anthropological orthodoxy is not a response to me at all. It’s a response to those hordes of raging feminists who rule the Episcopal Church:p

Edwin
 
Then we agree!

Exactly what I’m saying! (Well, I wouldn’t speak for all the Orthodox–or even all the Catholics–but definitely the Pope and most Catholics in the Western world don’t feel that way, and the defenses of the male-only priesthood in traditional Catholic/Anglican/Orthodox circles don’t rest on this premise.)

I think that your reluctance to believe this is based in your assumption that it’s a moral flaw, instead of simply an erroneous view about biology, similar to geocentrism or the view that worms are generated by the sun from decaying matter (or the flatness of the earth, though that was only held by a few of the Fathers and practically none of the medieval theologians). I don’t blame you for starting out with that assumption, since it’s indeed the assumption of most feminists. But I wish you and others would believe me when I say over and over that that’s not what *I *think. (No doubt sinfulness entered into it in many cases–obviously it’s flattering to the male ego to believe itself superior–but it was a sincerely held intellectual belief.)

I appreciate your colorful language, but unfortunately your metaphors often distort what we are talking about. I don’t think that’s what the Fathers did or what they advocated. I think that they treated women like “weaker vessels” who were less rational and more subject to the passions, but who could overcome this to some degree by divine grace. Hence they could be saints and martyrs and ascetics but should not be given any regular office that involved rule.

Read Chrysostom’s homily on Ephesians 5:22-24. These are not the words of a man who thought women should be treated like used oil filters. They are powerful, eloquent, beautiful words, and our present conception of women’s equality probably wouldn’t exist if not for Chrysostom and others like him (though counterfactuals are hard to prove). My feminist professor in grad school could see only the patronizing, patriarchal tone. I read the sermon and I’m blown away by the grace and beauty of the theology of marriage found here.

But the patronizing, superior tone *is *there. Not because Chrysostom didn’t respect women, but because Chrysostom held certain beliefs about women’s bodies and how those bodies affect their immortal, rational souls. Therefore, those of us who don’t hold those beliefs need to revise (not abandon) Chrysostom’s view of marriage and related matters.

In all fairness, the tone he advises husbands to take to their new wives (“mould her,” “lay down laws for her,” etc.) derives in large measure from the fact that men were typically around 30 when they first got married and brides were likely to be in their teens. But that cultural custom itself reflected the assumption that marriage was an asymmetrical relationship between a more rational male worthy of rule and a flighty, passionate, immature female.

Because either women’s bodies, being softer and less fully formed and hence imperfect, limit the extent to which women can be rational and bear rule, or they don’t. It really is an either/or. If the traditional belief is true, then the kind of benevolent patriarchy advocated by Chrysostom is a wonderful thing. If it isn’t, then it isn’t. Either women have the hegemonic faculty or they don’t.

But this doesn’t make any sense. The two things went together for the Fathers–for everyone until recently. Women couldn’t be ordained for *exactly *the same reasons that they couldn’t be city magistrates, or university professors, or any other non-hereditary position that involved authority over men (even hereditary positions of royalty or nobility were controversial, but in those cases you had two different hierarchical principles in conflict).

So much of your rhetoric simply doesn’t apply to what I am arguing.
I agree with what you say about the Father’s view of women, and think having rejected that is a good reason to reconsider what is meant by some of the “traditional” understandings of marriage, men’s headship, and so on.

However, that is not at all what I understand the argument regarding women in the priesthood to be about - although I am sire many Fathers thought that women’s weak nature was further evidence that this would be a bad idea, I don’t see that as the crux of the issue. Do you think that it is?
 
I don’t believe it’s a caricature at all. I simply say that picking and choosing which of the Fathers’ views we like is simple. All we have to do is blame the culture of the times for the ones which we dislike. You state that you agree and laud much of what they say about sexuality. But others who are more liberal than yourself might not like those views either and chalk up the Fathers’ views to the ‘ignorance’ and ‘bigotry’ of the times that tainted everyone, including the Fathers. It’s hard to know where to draw the line. That’s why just reading the Fathers and drawing conclusions on our own as lay folks doesn’t work and I’m re-examining my views of Catholicism. I’m coming to realize that every amateur theologian seeks to ‘understand’ the Fathers and rationalize, analyze, and draw conclusions from their statements. Their contemporary values can be used against them whenever it’s convenient. Like I said, it’s not a caricature in that you really are not condemning them as human beings but you’re implying that they were tainted by the values of their age. I’m starting to appreciate the Catholic Church and Orthodox Church more and more because they have a teaching authority that looks holistically at the entirety of the Fathers, tradition, Scripture, and reason and doesn’t cherry-pick. They have more wisdom than you and myself and know where to draw the line. Maybe you and I do not. I think we’ve both admitted as much, grudginly…😛
No, that’s a caricature of what I’m saying. I don’t condemn them morally at all. They had an honest, apparently well-founded belief about female inferiority. We (not just liberal Episcopalians but practically everyone, certainly including the Pope and most defenders of the male-only priesthood) now think that those views were wrong.

You admit later on that you think we *do *hold to more adequate views of the dignity of women today. We don’t actually differ on this. All I’m saying is that when their view of the role of women was clearly directly dependent on these views we now think were wrong, we need to look fairly and honestly at the consequences of this.

**I think it is about trust. We’re trusting them as religious authority figures, moral agents to comment on areas that inform our sexual ethos religiously. We indeed are trusting them on many levels. A Catholic or Orthodox trusts them on matters when speaking of the Eucharist, Christology, obedience to the monarchical episcopacy, etc. We also put a lot of stock into what they say on sexual relationships and female priestesses, etc. **
Not at all. It’s not about “trust.” It’s about the implications of something on which nearly everyone is agreed. I think they had a lot of wise things to say about sexuality–for instance, their ethic of restraint of the passions, while not without its flaws, is badly needed today, when passions are seen as unqualified goods. And even with regard to gender I wouldn’t assume that they have nothing of value to say. They certainly opposed the double standard in sexual morality held by the Roman pagan world. And Perpetua or Olympias or Monica would be much better role models for contemporary Christian women than many contemporary figures I could mention:D

I didn’t put it in the category of Antebellum age of the South, etc.? I wouldn’t draw such a parallel anyway because the types of slavery, as you said, are totally different. I’m not sure why you say this?
Yes, although the slavery they were dealing with wasn’t race-based in the way 19th-century slavery was, and in the form in which the Christians tolerated it was really just an extreme form of social inequality. So while it wasn’t desirable, I wouldn’t put it in the same category as later American slavery.
 
I don’t like it, you’re right! 😛 Human sexuality is made by God. Homosexuality is disordered to say the least and it is plainly condemned by Scripture, Tradition, and Reason. Reason cannot put two men sodomizing each other on a par with a heterosexual couple. Only reason informed by this liberal age can draw such conclusions. Christians cannot agree to disagree on such an important issue as homosexuals, gay marriage, etc. It is moral relativism on steroids.
You won’t like this, but I think that reasonable and devout people can differ on how this applies to homosexuality. I am totally unconvinced by the case that heterosexual marriage is one of the cultural prejudices that we should re-examine. But I don’t dismiss the case out of hand just because it goes against tradition. I have thought about the liberal argument, and I don’t think it works. But in the end what I think isn’t of huge importance. What matters is that the Church as a whole is not persuaded by it–and of course the Church as a whole is not persuaded by the pro-WO case either. I’m simply putting the case for women’s ordination because I haven’t heard a good answer for it, in the way that I think there are good answers for the pro-gay case. And that does create problems when I propose angering my wife and denying the validity of the orders of people from whom I have received the Eucharist (some of whom are personal friends) in order to submit to Sacred Tradition.

Christians inherited the bulk of their morality from the Jewish faith. The Old Testament laws about straining gnats and uncleanliness of women menstrating and other peculiarities no one with common sense follows these days because they were peculiar to the liturgical Levitical temple laws and not based so much on morality. The moral components of the Old Testament by and large were carried over to Christianity and make good sense. So I disagree with you here. And no, I haven’t slaughtered any idolators in weeks! But Twilight fans should be added to the list! ;)😛
You say that as if we don’t do exactly that as a matter of course.

Slaughtered any idolaters lately? Is there a Hindu temple near you? Why haven’t you massacred them all? (OK, maybe Hindus aren’t idolaters in the sense intended by the OT, but that’s a difficult and dubious question at best.)

It is by no means a weak argument. If I said that to you and didn’t engage the argument with reasoning, you’d get mad at me. But you do the same here. You just call it weak then walk away. When Jesus worked on the Sabbath healing folks, was he acting as a first century Jew? Was calling himself the Son of God acting as a first century Jew? Overthrowing money changers and whipping businessmen wasn’t the norm for first century Jewish behavior? Jesus was anything but a typical Jew. I think you are putting Christ in a box and minimizing His grandeur and dominion as well as His teaching authority. You’re putting Him within parameters of history. You’re over-simplifying him to fit a paradigm to rationalize a philosophy that eases one’s conscience about women and ensures a sense of equality. But that rationalization has the effect of making Christ limited in scope and vision. There was and is nothing that Christ Almight cannot do or ordain. If He wanted women priests, they’d have been there. Honestly, when he forgave an adulteress in front of everyone, how can you think that was the action of a timid man who didn’t want to buck the contemporary framework? Or letting the sinful woman rub oil upon him? Ripping Pharisees a new behind was a tad un-Jewish in those days. I’ll say it again. You’re putting Christ in a box giving him a timidity and the same cultural prejudices and ignorance one would assign Charlemagne, Lincoln, FDR, or Alexander the Great. That, in my opinion, is the summit of a weak argument.
Well, of course I don’t think He was a shrinking violet! But that’s a very modern way of putting it. Respecting the traditions of your culture isn’t being a “shrinking violet”–it’s only proper and virtuous:D. And Jesus clearly was a real first-century Jew who thought and acted as a first-century Jew except when this would be sinful and/or conflict with His mission. We won’t convince each other on this one–I think this is one of the very weakest anti-WO arguments out there, and there are a lot of weak ones.

No one is implying He came for that purpose. He came to establish the Kingdom of God, preach the Gospel, and die for our sins. But in doing so, are you saying that He didn’t establish a sense of right and wrong, justice, goodness, fairness, etc. in his ministry? Are you saying that He couldn’t walk and chew gum and ordain women if he so wished? Again, putting Christ in a historical framework box.
Because it isn’t about “deserving.” Jesus did not become incarnate to establish feminism or egalitarianism. I have said this over and over, and I wish people would believe that I mean it!

You haven’t implied they were sinful at all, but your posts do imply a heavy dose of ignorance on their part and that we cannot trust their tainted opinions that are skewed by misogyny and chauvenistic prejudices. Sinful? No, you didn’t say that. And I do believe you mean everything you say, Edwin? Why don’t you believe that I believe you? LOL 😃
You keep putting in my mouth the view that the Fathers were misogynistic in some sinful way. I don’t think that was necessarily true–maybe in a few cases, but not all. They simply had a certain view of the world which most people today think was wrong. Again, I wish you would believe that I really mean this!

Edwin
 
I don’t want to get personal either, Edwin, but if we’re critiquing posts and attitudes on here, as you do me here, I think you are not accustomed to people differing with you and you are used to people quickly thanking and agreeing with you and shutting up. I am not one of those folks and it might irritate you. If so, so be it. One of your strategies in debate is to say something and fill your post full of implications and attitudes then when someone calls you on it (this doesn’t happen a lot because you shoot them down with an outstanding vocabulary and philosophical jargon and they either apologize or thank you), you state that the person is not listening to you, making caricatures, or they just don’t get your “stuff.” You also say “I could be wrong” after taking a vigorous, long, heavily-explained opinion that sounds very firm. And I never said that you explicitely said the terminology “social justice gospel.” I know that is a feather-ruffler with you but the entire flavor of your posts smacks of it. It’s an assessment, not me being a court reporter clerk quoting your verbage back to you. It’s my evaluation of the tone and tenor of your views. But I do realize you’re approaching this from an “Christological and anthropological orthodoxy” angle. I realize that. I’m not insulting your intellect. You have a keen one. Everyone acknowledges that here, including yours truly. But I suspect your being somewhat of a liberal person informs that intellect.

I fail to see why women cannot be, by nature of their femininity, different, and at the same time be saved by Christ, who is different in nature by being male? Where does it say that human beings cannot be equal in dignity and yet their gender is not something merely a bodily phenomenon? You are over-simplifying gender. Being female or male is not just a bodily thing, it’s a spiritual thing. Motherhood, if you ask a woman, is deep, spiritual, powerful. It’s not just having breasts and other different “equipment” as you seem to paint it (I hear a charge of caricaturing a comin!). You seem to think bodies are all that is different. I think it’s part of the majesty, the brilliant design, the awesomeness of the human experience that women and men are by nature very, very different. Men can never, I mean never, know the intimate bond of motherhood. It’s not just estrogen and wider hips, it’s deep. It’s a relationship that a man cannot know. And a woman cannot know fatherhood either. I think this mentality of thinking men and women so similar (just different in bodies) that has led to the breakdown in marriage. A single mother or single father is now put on a part with a married nuclear family. It is this very nature of men and women that compliment one another and nurture a child. Both sides of the equation are needed.

I don’t see how the Catholic/Orthodox principles of female and male nature contradict anything about orthodox Christian thinking on men and women at all. Why can a woman not be saved by Christ merely because she doesn’t have the nature He took upon Himself? Why?
Gurney, with all due respect, you frequently attribute to me (and I think to others as well) “tones” and attitudes that conflict with what we are actually saying. I think it is a theological imperative and only a moral imperative for that reason. And as I said, I could be wrong. I am proposing this view for consideration, because what I hear from conservative Catholic/Anglican/Orthodox defenders of tradition is a constant chorus of straw man arguments, dismissals, pure appeals to authority, innovative new theories about human nature that make no sense in terms of the tradition, and so on. I
Gurney, please tell me when I have used the phrase “social justice gospel” once in this discussion? Those aren’t my grounds.

But you repeatedly claim that I’m making a social-justice argument, no matter how often I say that I’m making an argument based on traditional Christology and anthropology.

Therefore, men are the more perfect instantiations of the one human nature, and in becoming a male human being Christ assumed the common human nature in its more perfect form
Therefore, only men can represent Christ sacramentally.

I believe that
There is one human nature, assumed by Christ for our salvation
Men and women both possess that human nature, neither more perfectly than the other, though they express it differently because of their different bodies
Therefore, both men and women can represent Christ sacramentally

Catholic/Anglican/Orthodox defenders of the male-only priesthood seem to believe for the most part that
There is a bifurcated human nature, and Christ assumed the male form of it
Yet, neither form of human nature is superior to the other–they are just different
Since Christ assumed the male and not the female version of human nature, women cannot represent Christ sacramentally
Yet, women can somehow be saved by the male Christ, even though they do not participate in the nature He assumed (otherwise they could be ordained)

This contradicts basic principles of orthodox Christianity.

Note this: I’m making an argument about *orthodoxy. *Any response by you that treats my argument as a social-justice argument instead of an argument about Christological and anthropological orthodoxy is not a response to me at all. It’s a response to those hordes of raging feminists who rule the Episcopal Church:p

Edwin
 
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