Nice slogan but wrong conclusion about the way perception works. St. Francis wore clerical attire so did all the great deacons from history when it was safe to do so.
Pax
Our Holy Father Francis never wore clerical attire. He did not allow the clerics to wear clerical attire. Nor did he allow the clerics to be called by any other title than Brother. He was always called Father Francis, because he was the General Minister.
There are many myths around the diaconate of St. Francis and about the cleric’s place in the Franciscan family.
- Francis was ordained a deacon three years before he died (1223). He founded the order in 1208 and the rule was approved in 1209. From 1208 to 1223 he governed the order as a religious brother. After his ordination to the diaconate, he resigned the governance and gave it to a non-cleric.
- The clerics were to have no special place in the order, nor any special privileges, including identifying garb. To this day, all Franciscan men wear the habit of their community or the Roman collar. We do not have two sets of clothing, for the ordained and the non cleric.
- The current ruling in the Franciscan General Council of Major Superiors is that there may not be Permanent Deacons in the Franciscan Order as a matter of course. Each has to be approved by the local community of friars on a case by case basis and only if it meets the needs of the friars. Second, the ordination to the priesthood is not to be taken as a given, since it was not Francis’ intent to found a clerical institute. Therefore, candidates who enter the different obediences must informed if they are going to be ordained before they make solemn vows. However, the Major Superior still reserves the right to deny ordination, even after solemn vows. In other words, he can change his mind or another superior is elected and overrules the previous superior. This is very very very rare.
The point here is that Father Francis is not a good example in this discussion, because he was opposed to all distinctions between clerics and on clerics in the community. Not only did they wear the same clothing, but during the mass, they stood around the altar and all received Holy Communion in the hand. If the sanctuary was too small, the communion rail was removed to unify the fraternity. In addition, to this day, the rule says that if there are more than one priest in the house, only one can celebrate mass per day. That’s up to the superior. The other priests must attend the mass with the other brothers.
In parishes, this does not work, because you have several masses. In other houses, where there is only one mass, it’s up to the superior if only one ordained friar celebrates and if there is a deacon, if he may serve. The superior can also grant permission for concelebration. There are superiors who give blanket permission to the ordained under their jurisdiction to celebrate mass or serve as deacons (if they are such). Everyone understands that this permission is only good until a new superior takes his place and that the superior can change his mind without any explanation.
The only time that the ordained wear distinctive garb is when they are on the altar. That would be the only time that Francis would have worn an alb, stole and dalmatic. According to Franciscan history, there is little evidence that he exercised the ministry that often. The few times that the early biographers mention it is when he is preaching at a mass. We know that he never baptized or witnessed a wedding. We do know that he sung the Gospel on a number of occasions, but in Franciscan houses, this was also done by the non-ordained brothers. We’re not sure if they writers are speaking about before or after he became a deacon. We have to remember that religious did not have daily mass in those days. But they had LOTH. We’re not too sure what they’re referring to when they say “Francis sang the Gospel”. We know that the ordained called him Father and he called them Brother.
Today, the movement is to go back to Brother or Friar. In my community, only the superior is Father. The Conventuals, Capuchins and FI are using Friar, one province at a time.
Even when you have a deacon or a priest, you would not know who he is unless he tells you. They are not allowed to distinguish themselves from the other friars. Therefore, everyone dresses the same.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF
