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CLERKS REGULAR
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The term
Clerks Regular (singular Clerk Regular) designates a number of Catholic priests (clerics) who are members of a religious order (regular) of priests, but in the strictest sense of the word are not Canons Regular.
Canonical Status
By clerks regular are meant those bodies of men in the Church who by the very nature of their institute unite the perfection of the religious state to the priestly office, i.e. who while being essentially clerics, devoted to the exercise of the ministry in preaching, the administration of the sacraments, the education of youth, and other spiritual and corporal works of mercy, are at the same time religious in the strictest sense of the word, professing solemn vows and living a community life according to a rule solemnly approved of by the Holy See.
In the Corpus Juris Canonici the term
clerks regular is often used for canons regular, and regular clerks are classed by authors as a branch or modern adaptation of the once world-famous family of regular canons. This is because of the intimate connection existing between the two; for while separated from the secular clergy by their vows and the observance of a community life and a rule, they form a distinct class in the religious state, the clerical, in opposition to the monastic, which includes monks, hermits, and friars.
Clerks regular are distinguished from the purely monastic bodies, or monks, in four ways:
*]They are primarily devoted to the sacred ministry; not so the monks, whose proper work is contemplation and the solemn celebration of the liturgy.
*]They are obliged to cultivate the sacred sciences, which, if cultivated by the monks, are yet not imposed upon them by virtue of their state of life.
*]Clerks regular as clerics must retain some appearance of clerical dress distinct from the habit and cowl of the monk.
*]Because of their occupations, they are less given to the practice of austerity which is a distinct feature of the purely monastic life.
They are distinguished from the friars in this, that though the latter are devoted to the sacred ministry and the cultivation of learning, they are not primarily priests. Finally, clerks regular differ from canons regular in that they do not possess cathedral or collegiate churches, devote themselves more completely to ministerial work in place of choir-service, and have fewer penitential observances of rule.
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:compcoff: Link: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerks_Regular
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CANONS REGULAR
- From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Canons Regular are members of certain bodies of Canons living in community under the Augustinian Rule (“regula” in Latin), and sharing their property in common. Distinct from monks, who live a cloistered, contemplative life and sometimes engage in ministry to those from outside the monastery, the purpose of the life of a canon is to engage in public ministry of liturgy and sacraments for those who visit their churches (historically the monastic life was by its nature lay, whereas canonical life was essentially clerical). Distinct from Clerks Regular (Regular Clerics)—an example of which is the Society of Jesus—they are members of a particular community of a particular place, and are bound to the public pray
ing of the Liturgy of the Hours in choir.
**Secular canons **by contrast belong to a community of priests attached to a church but do not take vows or live under a rule.
Canons Regular are sometimes called Black or White Canons, depending on the order to which they belong.
Origin of the canons
… St Augustine of Hippo is also regarded by the Canons as their founder. Ives, bishop of Chartres promoted the order in Italy through the newly founded congregation of Blessed Peter de Honestis, and elsewhere through the congregation of St. Rufus. History tells us[weasel words] that about the eleventh century the regular or canonical life hitherto observed almost everywhere by the clergy was given up in many churches, and thus a distinction was made between the clerics who lived in separate houses and those who still preserved the old discipline. The former were called canonici saeculares (Secular Canons), the latter canonici regulares (Canons Regular). It is also true that in the year 763 Chrodegang, Bishop of Metz, assembled the clergy of his cathedral around him, led with them a community life, and gave them a rule taken from the statutes of ancient orders and canons, a discipline also recommended shortly after by the Councils of Aix-la-Chapelle and Mainz; but in doing this he was only following the example of Augustine of Hippo who had introduced among his own clergy the manner of life which he had seen practiced at Milan.
Eusebius, the historian, relates that St. Mark, the disciple of St. Peter, established this discipline at Alexandria …
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:compcoff: Link: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canons_Regular
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