So by the Catholic Church (well technically the priest) who refuses communion, doesnt that infringe upon our free will to choose whether to receive communion or not?
No it doesn’t. The non-Catholic or even a Catholic that has mortal sin on his/her soul still could choose (wrongly) to receive communion. Typically, the priest or extraordinary minister does not know in either circumstance. Free will is still in place.
Also, if it were a protestant who was baptized and believed that it was Jesus’ body and blood and had “contemplated” the concept. Would this mean they still couldn’t receive even if they accept the teachings? Why or why not?
They could receive if they went through the formal RCIA process or if the person was on their death bed. Otherwise, no.
Possible exceptions
However, there are circumstances when non-Catholics may receive Communion from a Catholic priest. This is especially the case when it comes to Eastern Orthodox Christians, who share the same faith concerning the nature of the sacraments:
“Catholic ministers may licitly administer the sacraments of penance, Eucharist and anointing of the sick to members of the oriental churches which do not have full Communion with the Catholic Church, if they ask on their own for the sacraments and are properly disposed. This holds also for members of other churches, which in the judgment of the Apostolic See are in the same condition as the oriental churches as far as these sacraments are concerned” (CIC 844 § 3).
Christians in these churches should, of course, respect their own church’s guidelines regarding when it would be permissible for them to receive Communion in a Catholic church.
The circumstances in which Protestants are permitted to receive Communion are more limited, though it is still possible for them to do so under certain specifically defined circumstances.
Canon law explains the parameters: “If the danger of death is present or other grave necessity, in the judgment of the diocesan bishop or the conference of bishops, Catholic ministers may licitly administer these sacraments to other Christians who do not have full Communion with the Catholic Church, who cannot approach a minister of their own community and on their own ask for it, provided they manifest Catholic faith in these sacraments and are properly disposed” (CIC 844 § 4).
It is important to remember that, under the rubrics specified above, even in those rare circumstances when non-Catholics are able to receive Communion, the same requirements apply to them as to Catholics.