Thank you for the link.
The passage from Ignatius is very interesting to this topic. Certainly in the first 3 centuries it seems Ignatius and Irenaeus have the strongest view of “realism” to the elements from the passages I have read by the theologians at the time.
In the letter to the Smyrnaeans, Ignatius is warning about a group of gnostics called Docetists.
earlychristianwritings.com/srawley/smyrnaeans.html
“Christian heresy and one of the earliest Christian sectarian doctrines, affirming that Christ did not have a real or natural body during his life on earth but only an apparent or phantom one… Docetists asserted that Christ was born without any participation of matter and that all the acts and sufferings of his life, including the Crucifixion, were mere appearances.” -
britannica.com/topic/Docetism
This is evidenced in his letter by sentences such as:
“For what does any one profit me, if he commends me,** but blasphemes my Lord, not** confessing that He was [truly] possessed of a body?”
“For what does it profit, if any one commends me, but blasphemes my Lord, not owning Him to be God incarnate? He that does not confess this, has in fact
altogether denied Him, being enveloped in death.”
“
Unless he believes that Christ Jesus has lived in the flesh, and shall confess His cross and passion, and the blood which He shed for the salvation of the world, he shall not obtain eternal life, whether he be a king, or a priest, or a ruler, or a private person, a master or a servant, a man or a woman.”
“
They are ashamed of the cross; they mock at the passion; they make a jest of the resurrection.”
earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-smyrnaeans-longer.html
With that background in mind, I do not know if his statements: “They abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer, because they confess not the Eucharist to be the flesh of our Saviour Jesus Christ, which suffered for our sins, and which the Father, of His goodness, raised up again. Those, therefore, who speak against this gift of God, incur death in the midst of their disputes.” if he is saying that these “heretics” are denying that the bread and cup transubstantiate into literal flesh and blood; or if he could mean that the bread and cup do not
represent a body because Jesus never had flesh and blood to begin with.
I am not trying to prove that Ignatius could not have believed in transubstantiation, but that we can’t be confident that he did. JND Kelly calls Cyril of Jerusalem (350AD) the “pioneer of the conversion doctrine.” He later mentions Ambrose in his “Mysteries” (390AD) bringing the conversion idea to the west. I am not a scholarly theologian, but from the collection of writings regarding the Eucharist from the first 500 years, that seems to be about right. Augustine came after Ambrose and Cyril and seemed to say that it is a “figure” and a “mere physical likeness” as I quoted above. It is certain that the idea of the conversion did eventually win over in time. It would be wrong to assert that EVERYONE agreed on this in the beginning.