This isn’t just in Jesus’Time. It was in Jeremiah’s time…If I can find my Bible study book, you bet I will be posting the results in what I find and the Bible verses to match. I’ll have to dig in some boxes but I know I’ll find it.
Although there are traditions about Jeremiah’s death, there’s not direct record of how he died. And none of the later traditions that I know of involve crucifixion or anything similar to it (e.g., 2Sam. 21, where Saul’s relatives are impaled on some sort of sticks or branches or poles.)
Matthew 27:9 states: “Then was fulfilled what had been spoken through the prophet Jeremiah, “And they took the thirty pieces of silver, the price of the one on whom a price had been set, on whom some of the people of Israel had set a price…” Perhaps this is what you are thinking of? (The prophecy is actually found in
Zachariah 11:12-13, not Jeremiah, by the way).
The only other connection between crucifixion and the prophets that I know of involves Ezekiel 9:4 “Go through the city, through Jerusalem, and put a mark on the foreheads of those who sigh and groan over all the abominations that are committed in it.” In Freemasonry, there is a tradition that this mark on the forehead referred to by Ezekiel is the final letter of the Hebrew alphabet, or
tav, which I believe may be rooted in some translation problems of this verse in the Vulgate–someone else may know or I could research it further. In Paleohebrew, this letter is the equivalent to “X” which Freemasons in turn connect to the cross and crucifixion.
In the Talmud, the “X” is connected to the mark of Cain.
Those are the only connections that I know of–and they are all stretches.