Protestant scholars who translate the angel’s greeting “highly favoured” have deliberately created a false and misleading distinction to reflect Protestant theology as opposed to Catholic. The angel Gabriel uses the term ‘kecharitomene’. The root of this word is ‘charis’, which means grace or kindness. The prefix ‘ke’ means that grace was already perfectly present before the angel appeared. The suffix ‘mene’ indicates that Mary was the recipient of this grace. ‘Charis’ may also be translated as “favour”, so “Rejoice, highly favoured one” could be a conceivable translation. But this would only be acceptable if the word ‘charis’ were used meaning “favour” in other parts of the New Testament. But this doesn’t happen anywhere in Scripture. Even some Bibles which translate ‘charis’ as “favour” in Luke 1, 28 translate it as “grace” everywhere else. The discrepancy is misleading because in the NT the word “grace” has a particular meaning distinct from “favour”. Grace is a gift from God that saves us from sin and its effects. So the Protestant translation is wrong. The correct translation is the one we get from St. Jerome and is contained in the Latin Vulgate: “full of grace” (gratia). St. Jerome is true to Luke’s intended use of the word ‘charis’ (grace) which means the same everywhere else in the NT.
These Protestant scholars ignore the connection between the angel Gabriel’s salutation and Mary’s Magnificat. Luke intended that these two passages be taken in context with each other. That is why we find these two passages linked together in his gospel.
And Mary said, “My soul glorifies the Lord and my spirit rejoices in God my saviour.”
{Luke 1, 46}
It is important to note that Mary does not say: “I glorify the Lord,” but rather “My soul glorifies the Lord.” Luke is telling us that Mary’s soul was in a perpetual state of sanctifying grace, which was acknowledged by the angel Gabriel. A soul which has fallen from grace does not glorify God. And if Mary were sinful, Luke would not have penned these words. This constant state of grace could only have begun at the moment Mary’s soul was created by God. Further, Luke uses the simple present tense to signify a permanent state, not an instant of time. “Now” encompasses Mary’s entire earthly existence, for the verse tells us that Mary is “now” saved, not “will be saved”. This could not be said of someone who was ever inclined to sin or still was. :nope:
In the Magnificat, Luke is citing Isaiah 51, 10: ‘I will greatly rejoice in the Lord, my soul shall exult in my God; for he has covered me with the robe of righteousness, as a bridegroom decks himself with a garland, and as a bride adorns himself with her jewels.’
Luke clearly understood that Mary was already saved and counted among the righteous before the time of the Annunciation. Her redemption was already secured by the merits of Christ’s death on the Cross. So Mary could not have been equated with the rest of sinful humanity which still has to hope to achieve its salvation by winning the race, as Paul puts it. Luke saw Mary as sinless. Meanwhile, Mary was redeemed by her son like the rest of us, but she won her redemption the moment her soul was fashioned by God and infused with sanctifying grace. Once she was born, she remained sinless by her own free will with the help of God’s grace. Finally, the NT treats grace as the “antitode to sin”. (See the Epistle to the Romans). So Mary could not have ever sinned while in a perpetual state of grace.
Luke expresses his understanding of Mary’s sinlessness in the words of Jesus himself, who further defines the meaning of “blessed” expressed by the angel Gabriel and Elizabeth earlier in the narrative (cf. Luke 1, 28; 1, 42). Again, Luke intends these verses to be taken in context with each other as part of a whole picture: But he said, “Yea, rather, blessed are they that hear the word of God and keep it” (Luke 11, 27). Jesus spoke these words alluding to his mother, since the woman in the crowd drew his attention to her by declaring her blessed for having conceived and borne the Messiah. Mary was blessed indeed for having been granted the favour of being the “mother of our Lord”. But Jesus considered his mother even more blessed because of her sinlessness: keeping the word of God. What Jesus says expresses what Luke and his church believed about Mary, for she is related with blessedness in other parts of the gospel. Still, the dictum of our Lord applies to all Christians, but in a secondary context.
An ‘ex-cathedra’ pronouncement is only made once, because it is infallible. What is infallible is irrevocable.
The Marian doctrines were properly and truthfully developed over time as were the Christological or Trinitarian doctrines.
Pax vobiscum
Good Fella