R
ribozyme
Guest
Does anyone have any critiques of cosmologies that involve a creation from nothing such as the Hawking-Hartle no boundary proposal, or Vilenkin’s quantum creation model?
I only know of a few situations were creation from nothing can occur such as a capitalist exploiting his workers for surplus value:
I only know of a few situations were creation from nothing can occur such as a capitalist exploiting his workers for surplus value:
marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch09.htmDuring the second period of the labour-process, that in which his labour is no longer necessary labour, the workman, it is true, labours, expends labour-power; but his labour, being no longer necessary labour, he creates no value for himself. **He creates surplus-value which, for the capitalist, has all the charms of a creation out of nothing. **This portion of the working-day, I name surplus labour-time, and to the labour expended during that time, I give the name of surplus-labour. It is every bit as important, for a correct understanding of surplus-value, to conceive it as a mere congelation of surplus labour-time, as nothing but materialised surplus-labour, as it is, for a proper comprehension of value, to conceive it as a mere congelation of so many hours of labour, as nothing but materialised labour. The essential difference between the various economic forms of society, between, for instance, a society based on slave-labour, and one based on wage-labour, lies only in the mode in which this surplus-labour is in each case extracted from the actual producer, the labourer.