Let’s break this down into two separate groups. There are many of us who teach theology and philsophy and we have seminarians, religious and lay people in our classes. This means that our classes have passed the scrutiny required so that the persons can attend. In other words, we can educate them. There nare many of us who are lay, religious and clerics. This kind of education refers to academic education. In other words, we provide the education that they need to get their degrees or get ordained.
There are also people who work under a bishop at the diocesan level and are in charge of specific departments. They are delegated by the bishop to run these departments or ministries. Any deacon, priest or religious involved in this ministry would come under their jurisdiction, but only in that area. For example, if a Sister is the Diocean Liturgical Director, it is her job to see to it that the liturgy of the diocese follows the rules of the diocese. When those rules are not followed, she can intervene. She intervenes, as a delegate of the Bishop. The Bishop is actually the person with the authority. The Bishop will usually write in your job description how far you can go and what has to come either to him or to his Vicar. This is a different kind of education. This is not academic. This is teaching priests and deacons how to celebrate the liturgy. However, this person cannot intervene in matters concerning marriages, for example. That would be someone else in the chancery.
If the priest is also a religious, then you have a compounded problem. If the diocese says they want the priest to walk on water during the mass and the religious superior says that he wants his priests to float above the water, then the bishop and the superior have to reach a meeting of the minds. The religious may never disregard their superior to follow the bishop. The superior is the equivalent of a bishop in all things, except that he cannot administer the same sacraments that a bishop can, but he has the same legal authority over his priests. This is what would be a conflict of interest between the religious community and the bishop.
Most bishops prefer to avoid those conflicts of interest and let the priests who are also religious follow the guidance of their superiors. This kind of situation rarely comes up. For the most part, religious superiors and bishops are on the same page.
Lay people or religious who work for the chancery only have as much authority over the clergy as the bishop is willing to delegate. Some bishops delegate more than others. They never have authority over the clergy who are religious, unless it has been agreed upon with the religious superior.
Most religious superiors will say to the diocese, “You can correct or priests in anything that has to do with parish life, but never in anything that is personal or that is related to institutions that are owned by the religious community and not by the diocese.”
For example, religious who run colleges and universities owned by religious orders, do not take their directives from the bishop. These institutions belong to the community. If you don’t like what you see at a mass at a Catholic university, you have to go to the superior of the house at that university. The bishop cannot intervene. The university is not part of the diocese, because the diocese doesn’t own it or finance it or pay the salaries to the religious who teach and say mass there. However, the bishop can complain to the superior and if he raises his voice loudly enough, he will be heard.
Does this help?
JR