I bow my head whenever Jesus Christ is said, same for Mary and the patron saint of the day yet the rules say only the Priest does this. Not that nobody else can but that the priest should.
I disagree that “the rules say only the Priest does this.” The General Instruction of the Roman Missal has:
“
275. A bow signifies reverence and honour shown to the persons themselves or to the signs that represent them. There are two kinds of bow: a bow of the head and a bow of the body.
a) A bow of the head is made when the three Divine Persons are named together and at the names of Jesus, of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and of the Saint in whose honour Mass is being celebrated.
b) A bow of the body, that is to say, a profound bow, is made to the altar; during the prayers
Munda cor meum (
Cleanse my heart ) and
In spiritu humilitatis (
With humble spirit ); in the Creed at the words
et incarnatus est (
and by the Holy Spirit…and became man ); in the Roman Canon at the
Supplices te rogamus (
In humble prayer we ask you, almighty God ). The same kind of bow is made by the Deacon when he asks for a blessing before the proclamation of the Gospel. In addition, the Priest bows slightly as he pronounces the words of the Lord at the Consecration.”
When the bow is done by the Deacon only, in the second last sentence, this is stated. When it is done by the Priest only, in the last sentence, this is stated. For the “Cleanse my heart” prayer before the Gospel, the Order of Mass has in n. 14:
“If, however, a Deacon is not present, the Priest, bowing before the altar, says quietly:
Cleanse my heart …”.
So this is clearly for the Priest only.
Similarly for the prayer “With humble spirit” in Order of Mass, n. 26:
“After this, the Priest, bowing profoundly, says quietly:
With humble spirit …”.
But there is nothing limiting the bow of the head in 275 (a) to the Priest.
At
Bowing at the Holy Names - ZENIT - English Father McNamara wrote “Our reader is referring primarily to bows of the head. The above norms do not say anything about who makes the bow. Today it would usually be interpreted in the sense that the person or persons proclaiming the text would be the ones to make the gesture.”
I do not see any justification for his last sentence. Whether the congregation say the name or hear the name, they should bow their heads.
[Excerpts from the English translation of the
Roman Missal (c) 2010 International Commission on English in the Liturgy Corporation. All rights reserved.]