Who started frist Crusade?
Who has concept?
Pope?
Well, Muslim warriors invaded Southern Spain in the 700s, and proceeded into France. When this started happening, Christian warriors naturally fought back and attempted to reconquer the bits that had been overrun by the Muslims. So the aims and goals were the same as all the following Crusades.
Of course they didn’t know they were starting something major and important that would last for centuries, so history doesn’t record who the first leaders of this fighting were. Later we do hear of the occasional one who was particularly noteworthy such as Charles Martel in France or Rodrigo Bivar, otherwise known as “El Cid”, in Spain.
What we CAN say is that various Popes later approved and encouraged the idea. Not that they invented the concept of course. The first recorded, it seems, being Alexander II in 1063, who gave an indulgence to Spaniards fighting Muslims in Spain.
The so-called First Crusade (which as I’ve said wasn’t really the start of the Crusades, but was the first one to the Holy Land) was begun in 1095. That was the idea of the Council of Clermont, led by Pope Urban II. Of course Urban could have done nothing on his own. Two influential nobles, Adhemar of Le Puy and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, supported him in his idea. Even this wouldn’t have made the Crusades possible except lots of other nobles had similar ideas. Wikipedia puts it like this:
“Aside from Adhemar and Raymond, other leaders he recruited throughout 1096 included Bohemond of Taranto, a southern Italian ally of the reform popes; Bohemond’s nephew Tancred; Godfrey of Bouillon, who had previously been an anti-reform ally of the Holy Roman Emperor; his brother Baldwin of Boulogne; Hugh I, Count of Vermandois, brother of the excommunicated Philip I of France; Robert Curthose, brother of William II of England; and his relatives Stephen II, Count of Blois and Robert II, Count of Flanders. The crusaders represented northern and southern France, Germany, and southern Italy”