I am neither a Greek scholar nor accomplished in philosophy or theology. And I have forgotten a lot of what I did know. However, I can say the following without undue fear of being too far wrong.
It can be said that our God is the God of the ancient Greeks in two ways (perhaps more, but I can only cite two). One is, as you say, the philosophical search for the “logos”, the “key” as it were to the mystery of the universe and human existence. The “foundational principle”. Greek philosophers (or some anyway) were conscious that such a foundational principle was necessary, but had no “connector”; that is, between what they regarded as a sort of abstract principle that had to exist, and human life and consciousness. In the Greek world, humans were adrift; separated from the “logos”, though affected by it.
Jesus, of course, is the “connector” between man and the God of the Hebrews; the “personifier” of the principle.
Also, if one reads the Iliad carefully, one discovers that there are different views of godhead, depending on the context, particularly with Zeus. Sometimes Zeus is like a spoiled teenage boy; vengeful, lustful, capricious. Sometimes, however, he really is the Supreme Being in the sort of way the Hebrews saw God. He is referred to as “Te andron, te theon” (the father of gods and men…the ultimate creator) sometimes, and sometimes he fits the title. It is thought that the former view was portrayed for the benefit of the superstitious and ignorant, while the latter is the portrayal for the sophisticates in Greek cultural life. So it wasn’t as if all Greeks had no inkling of the nature of God.
To many thinking post-Resurrection Greeks (and they were all over the Mediterranean world) the story of Jesus would have been like a bombshell. He not only revealed much about the “Logos”, but provided the “connector” between the ultimate Being and mankind.
All of a sudden, there was not only clear “personhood” to the ultimate principle, but also a clear “purpose” to our existence. We were not simply adrift at the whims of Fate.
