OK, so that’s where it all started

Your husband made dinner for the two of you. You start talking about God. You get impatient because he interrupts you (first mistake in communication, on both sides - your DH obviously enjoyed the topic, if only too much, and he probably didn’t like it that you switched to sg else). And then… things happened.
Please don’t be angry for what I say, but this… is… ridiculous.
The whole uproar, kicking the dog, calling each other this and that, slapping each other starts with an idillic situation where the attentive hubby makes dinner for his wife and you engage in a table-talk “On Loving God.”
See my point? This is an ironic case-study for “how to make a mess through bad communication.”
You ignored a couple of things. First: in this story, your husband appears as a fairly impatient man, not much in control of what he says (he interrupts you, calls you names). BUT, first he makes dinner, than he makes lunch - for you. So he cannot be written off as a bad man. Something drove him into hitting the dog and you - frustration over his own communication mistakes, and the fact that he just cannot do anything to please you, to appease you.
He is like a child - like a child who just cannot get it right, or cannot satisfy his unreasonable mom who keeps scolding him even after he has shown repentance. You know, frustrated men, especially if they are no orators
and their wives slap them, tend to overreact.
I think you should simply sit down like two grown up people and talk it over. I wouldn’t draw too many conclusions from the affair. This was a LESSON for you both. You were pretty good at recalling the details - perhaps you could go over them together, with a third party present to prevent arguments, and file it away as something to learn for a lifetime.