Diaconate and the Washing of the Feet

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Jesus did not celebrate the first ordination to the order of the presbyterate. A bishop is not a presbyter, he is as bishop. A presbyter only shares in the fullness of the Holy Orders found in the episcopate. Again, historically speaking the presbyterate did not exist until sometime after the diaconate. Holy Orders were not given in the neat orders we have today. That was left to the Apostles to do later. Holy Orders was given as a whole package. The fact that you would separate the diaconate or the presbyterate from the episcopate demonstrates a misunderstanding of the Sacrament of Holy Orders.

Being in “persona Christi” is one of those terms that is often used without knowing what it really means. We are all in “persona Christi” whether we are ordained or not by virtue of our Baptism. That is what being a “Christian” means. So when we talk about being in person of Christ we have to be specific. When someone is ordained, they are configured to the persona Christi capitas, the person of Christ the head. When a priest celebrates the Eucharist, he is acting in the person of Christ the High Priest, and when a deacon serves at mass he is acting in the person of Christ the Servant. All of these roles are acting in persona Christi. To say that the deacon isn’t acting in persona Christi is to deny that the deacon’s Holy Orders have any real effect.

Deacons are clergy. The Chrism Mass isn’t just celebrated by the bishop and priests of a diocese. All the deacons are also there. This is because it isn’t just the priesthood (sacerdos) that was instituted at Last Supper, it was also the diaconate (diakonos).

First off all, to call a document put out my a bishops’ conference suspect seems rather brash to me, especially without good reason. I don’t see any reason to question bishops in good standing with Rome. Secondly, references to Jn 13 are found in most any magesterial document from the Holy See talking about the diaconate. I simply used the Irish Directory because it states very well the point I was trying to make.
I am curious as to why you maintan your stance. Are you a deacon? Why do you think that the deacon’s role is downplayed simply because it does not fall to him to do the Mandatum?

I am not denying that the deacon is a member of the clergy. The argument that you make sounds like the statement that the deacon’s wife made when she was trying to justify something that did not pertain to the deacon.

You have not provided any authoritative proof to support your observations, except for a statement made by a bishops’ conference. I am not necessarily downplaying that, either, but, the authoritative statements and documents proceed forth from the Holy See. A national episcopal conference certainly makes statements, but, unless they carry the recognitio from the Holy See, they are simply opinions.

Furthermore, the priest and the bishop (inclusive of a cardinal and the Pope) act in persona Christi when they celebrate the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. Have you not heard of the phrase Alter Christus? The priest, the bishop, the cardinal and the Holy Father act as another Christ when they celebrate the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. Furthermore, there are activities that only they can do even when there is a deacon present. It does not fall to the deacon to confer a blessing during the Mass. It is a faculty reserved to the priest/bishop. This would also include the Mandatum, which the documents clearly state should be done by the celebrant. If we hold to your logic, why, then, did the Holy Father not allow the deacon to do this? The answer is simple. It is not the deacon’s duty to do this.
 
Ratio Fundamentalis Institutionis Diaconorum Permanentium #11:
The model “par excellence” is Christ the servant, who lived totally at the service of God, for the good of men. He recognised himself as the one announced in the servant of the first song of the Book of Isaiah (cf Lk 4:18-19), he explicitly qualified his action as diakonia (cf Mt 20:28; Lk 22:27; Jn 13:1-17; Phil 2:7-8; 1 Pet 2:21-25) and he entrusted his disciples to do the same (cf Jn 13:34-35; Lk 12:37).
From Rome.
 
Ratio Fundamentalis Institutionis Diaconorum Permanentium #11:

From Rome.
However, you are only referring to the charism. If that were the case then all of us would then be washing each other’s feet during the Mandatum. But, again, the rite specifically states that the Mandatum is to be done by the celebrant.

Furthermore, you have not taken into account the timeline of the diaconate. The diaconate did not come into being until well after the Last Supper when St. Peter and the Apostles decided that they needed collaborators, deacons, to assist them in their ministry. The deacon’s original function was one of service, yes, but, it was to assist the Apostles in taking care of the widows, orphans and the poor, while the Apostles went about the task of preaching and celebrating the Holy Sacrifice. Thus the priesthood and the episcopacy came first. The diaconate came in much later.

You still have not found any to justify your claim that the deacon should be doing the Mandatum. That is the issue at hand.
 
Ratio Fundamentalis Institutionis Diaconorum Permanentium #11:

From Rome.
Here we go again! Here we are confusing necessary with sufficient. The diakonia is necessary but not sufficient for the Mandatum. You are limiting the scriptural interpretation by preferred references.
 
That is still happening in several parishes! It looks like the more the merrier! 😦
That is why Rome finally had to intervene in 1988 with Paschale Solemnitatis and again, in 2008 with a letter from the CDWDS.
 
I am curious as to why you maintan your stance. Are you a deacon? Why do you think that the deacon’s role is downplayed simply because it does not fall to him to do the Mandatum?
I’m not a deacon. I’m a layman. Nor am I trying to downplay the importance of the priest. I do think that the reinstitution of permanent diaconate is definitely a new thing in the whole history of the Church and it deserves a little more doctrinal and theological development. I agree with the deacon that was on here before that most people, and a lot of priests have a very poor understanding of the diaconate. I also think there is a paranoia among priests that deacons want to “take over” the priestly ministry. I don’t think that is true, and it is exactly that kind of rivalry that led to the decline of the diaconate in the first place.

The fact of the matter is there is a proper role for the deacon and a proper role for the priest. Both of these roles should be respected and honored. No one is disputing that Christ instituted the priesthood at the Last Supper or that the Apostles were priests in the sense that their Holy Orders were sacerdodal. All I’m saying is that the archetype of Christ they Servant (diakonos) is the washing of the feet. It just seems to me that it would be a greater symbolism if it was the deacon who washed the feet. That is all. I don’t think that diminishes the dignity of the presbyterate at all, nor does it deny the fact that Christ ordained the Apostles with a sacerdodal character. Nor am I saying that is is inappropriate for a priest or bishop to wash feet. I’m just saying I think it would seem to be plenty appropriate for a deacon to wash feet, and I don’t understand why the ritual doesn’t reflect that.
You have not provided any authoritative proof to support your observations, except for a statement made by a bishops’ conference. I am not necessarily downplaying that, either, but, the authoritative statements and documents proceed forth from the Holy See. A national episcopal conference certainly makes statements, but, unless they carry the recognitio from the Holy See, they are simply opinions.
That is not true. A bishops’ conference (or any single bishop in communion with Rome for that matter) is not stating a matter of opinion when they put forward a magisterial document. As a successor to the Apostles, every bishop has the mission to “teach all that I have command you”. The only reason to doubt the teaching of any bishop is if it is contrary to Rome. If Rome has not spoken in objection, then there is no reason to doubt the validity of the teaching.
Furthermore, the priest and the bishop (inclusive of a cardinal and the Pope) act in persona Christi when they celebrate the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass. Have you not heard of the phrase Alter Christus?
Again, “alter Christus” is another term that doesn’t have much meaning without understanding the context it is used in. Deacons are also ordained to be alter Christus. Not in the same way that priest is, certainly. Just like a priest isn’t ordained to be alter Christus the same way a bishop is. Of course a deacon isn’t alter Christus at the Eucharist in the same way a priest is. That doesn’t mean that the deacon isn’t alter Christus at Mass at all? Who is it that properly offers the intercessory prayer? It is the deacon. Who is it that is the proper minster of the Gospel? It is the deacon. Every ordained member of the clergy is alter Christus, but they have different roles though which they live that out.
If we hold to your logic, why, then, did the Holy Father not allow the deacon to do this? The answer is simple. It is not the deacon’s duty to do this.
Listen, I’m not arguing that it is the practice of having the celebrant wash the feet is illicit according to the ritual. I have the rite on my bookshelf. As it is the Holy Father who is ultimately responsible for liturgy of the Latin Rite, obviously the Pope can’t be wrong in how he celebrates mass. Also, you aren’t following my logic properly. The Holy Father is “diakonos.” His deacons only share in his Holy Orders. Again, this is why a bishop wears a dalmatic.

There is an interesting story from Vatican II. I believe it was Bl. John XXIII who one day at the council wanted to read the gospel. He was told by the cardinals that he could not as it was the role proper to the deacon. Later that day in his journal he wrote, “but am I not also deacon?”

All I’m saying is that the washing of the feet has a certain diaconal character about it, and it would seem to lend to a greater sacramentality of the whole thing if it was the deacon who the ritual said should do it. Unless there is a greater sacramentality that I’m over looking in the current rite. So far you folks have only sought to deny that the diaconal character of Holy Orders was even present at the Last Supper.
 
However, you are only referring to the charism. If that were the case then all of us would then be washing each other’s feet during the Mandatum. But, again, the rite specifically states that the Mandatum is to be done by the celebrant.
I’m not referring to the charism of service that we are all called to as Christians, just as I am not talking about the call that all Christians have to priesthood. I’m talking about ordained ministry here. Deacons are ordained. Ratio Fundamentalis Institutionis Diaconorum Permanentium is talking about the ordained diaconate and how it images Christ the Servant.
Furthermore, you have not taken into account the timeline of the diaconate. The diaconate did not come into being until well after the Last Supper when St. Peter and the Apostles decided that they needed collaborators, deacons, to assist them in their ministry.
I don’t need to take into account the timeline. The timeline is not important in this case. If it were, you could not say that Christ instituted the presbyterate at the Last Supper. I don’t know how to emphasis to difference between the the specific order of deacon or order of priest from the diaconal or sacerdodal character of the fullness of Holy Orders. I’m not saying that St. Stephen was at the Last Supper serving as a deacon. Obviously that took place later. But diaconal character of Holy Orders, which was later handed on St. Stephen and his companions did exist at the Last Supper. Likewise the sacerdodal character was present at the Last Supper even though there were no presbyters there. I don’t understand why you can’t seem to understand the unity of the Holy Orders. The implementation of the diaconate was not something different or separate from what the Apostles received.
 
…All I’m saying is that the washing of the feet has a certain diaconal character about it…
You are absolutely correct about it!
…Unless there is a greater sacramentality that I’m over looking in the current rite…
That it is what I am trying to say when I say “do not limit your interpretation of Jn 13 to the diaconate”. That is why I asked you if you think that the washing of the feet was only about service.
So far you folks have only sought to deny that the diaconal character of Holy Orders was even present at the Last Supper.
I think that you misread it. Nobody has being denying that! We are just saying that there is more to it, and that is why the priest comes into play.
 
That is why I asked you if you think that the washing of the feet was only about service.
I would agree that you can’t completely separate the sacerdodal and diaconate characteristics of Holy Orders, so there is a sacerdodal element to the washing of the feet, just as there is a diaconal element in the institution narratives of the other three gospels. Obviously the passage speaks to the completeness of Holy Orders. And each degree of orders has an element of the others in it. Can it be said that a deacon does not sacrifice, or that a priest does not serve? No, but each emphasizes one or the other. I do think that the main focus the washing of the feet is diaconal, that is about service. Certainly there are other things that can be drawn from this passage, but in regards to Holy Orders, I think the main focus is on Jn 13:14-15. There is obviously an emphasis on the “diakonos” in John’s gospel that is not found in the other three gospels that emphasize the “sacerdos.” That doesn’t mean the sacerdos or diakonos is absent in any gospel narrative, just that there are different emphases. Being that John’s narrative emphasizes the diakonos, doesn’t it make sense to have the person who is specifically configured to the image of the diakonos be the person to live out the narrative in the liturgy?
I think that you misread it. Nobody has being denying that! We are just saying that there is more to it, and that is why the priest comes into play.
Ok, then we can agree then that both the diaconate and the priesthood were instituted at the Last Supper in so much as they both share in the fullness of Holy Orders that the Apostles received. I think we can also agree that the lesser degrees of priesthood and diaconate weren’t implemented until later (with the diaconate we find it in Acts).

I agree there is more to it. As I’ve been saying, the Holy Orders given at the Last Supper did have both a diaconal and sacerdodal character. But the emphasis is different. The deacon personalizes the diaconal character emphasized in the washing of the feet, while the priest personalizes the sacerdodal character emphasized in the Eucharistic narrative.

Furthermore, and this is a separate question from the original question, if we do value the order of the diaconate, why shouldn’t we celebrate its institution?
 
…Furthermore, and this is a separate question from the original question, if we do value the order of the diaconate, why shouldn’t we celebrate its institution?
This is one of my pet peeves. In Italy we always celebrated Dec 26th to commemorate St. Stephen the proto-martyr. As far as I can recall I have never seen this as a celebration of the historical institution of the diaconate. Here, in the USA, it is even worse. Usually the parishes shut down on that day unless it is Sunday, and it really bothers me. I remember a few years ago, when on Sunday Dec 26th after Mass I wished happy deacons’ day to one of our deacons and he looked at me wondering what I was talking about! 😦
 
I agree that we should celebrate saint deacons like Sts. Stephen and Lawrence. However, the feast day of St. Stephen doesn’t celebrate the institution of the diaconate. It celebrates a deacon, albeit the first one. Scripture doesn’t record who the first priest was, but we do celebrate saints that stand out as exceptional priests, the Curé d’Ars comes to mind. Still the institution of both the diaconate and the priesthood is Holy Thursday. This is when Christ gave the Apostles Holy Orders.
 
I agree that we should celebrate saint deacons like Sts. Stephen and Lawrence. However, the feast day of St. Stephen doesn’t celebrate the institution of the diaconate. It celebrates a deacon, albeit the first one. Scripture doesn’t record who the first priest was, but we do celebrate saints that stand out as exceptional priests, the Curé d’Ars comes to mind. Still the institution of both the diaconate and the priesthood is Holy Thursday. This is when Christ gave the Apostles Holy Orders.
Actually, Scripture does record who the first priests/bishops were, it was the Apostles. And, we also have the first record of Apostolic Succession with the election of Matthias to replace Judas.

The institution of the diaconate did not happen until the Apotles decided to appoint the seven deacons. This is very clearly stated in the Acts of the Apostles. The institution of the priesthood/episcopacy happened on Holy Thursday. Remember, deacons are not charged with “Do this in memory of me”, the celebration of the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.
 
benedictgal,

You still seem confused about the nature of the Sacrament of Holy Orders. You can’t separate the diaconate from the episcopate. You keep referring to “priests/bishops.” I’m not sure what you mean by this. Are you trying to say that all bishops are priests? This is true in a sense, but bishops are not of the “order of the presbyterate.” The same way all bishops are deacons, but they aren’t of the “order of the diaconate.” These lower degrees or orders of diaconate and presbyterate were established later. Actually the presbyterate was established historically speaking after the establishment of the diaconate. But what I’m trying to say is that the historical timeline of the establishment of either order is actually a moot point because both the diaconate and priesthood were instituted at the Last Supper in as much as the Apostles received the fullness of Holy Orders.

This might help. All bishops are priests, but not all priests are bishops. All bishops are deacons, but not all deacons are bishops. So if the Apostles were the very first bishops, then they were also the very first priests and deacons.

St Stephen and his companions were the first in the order of the diaconate, that is he was the first deacon to not be a bishop. Scripture does not tell us who was the first priest to not also be a bishop.
 
The institution of the diaconate did not happen until the Apotles decided to appoint the seven deacons. This is very clearly stated in the Acts of the Apostles. The institution of the priesthood/episcopacy happened on Holy Thursday.
This is an interesting position to take, because it would seem to suggest that the diaconate was not instituted by Christ, but by man. If this is true, it stands to reason that ordination to the diaconate is not really a sacrament, and the order could be abolished at the whim of a pope or ecumenical council like the subdiaconate was.
 
This is an interesting position to take, because it would seem to suggest that the diaconate was not instituted by Christ, but by man. If this is true, it stands to reason that ordination to the diaconate is not really a sacrament, and the order could be abolished at the whim of a pope or ecumenical council like the subdiaconate was.
That is not correct! The Church has been given the power to bind and to loose.
 
To bind and to loose, yes, but not to create new Sacraments. The Church is the guardian of the deposit, not the author of it.
 
To bind and to loose, yes, but not to create new Sacraments. The Church is the guardian of the deposit, not the author of it.
Actually, read the first reading from this coming Friday’s Mass. It clearly states that the Apostles set aside seven men for the diaconate. In fact, they laid hands on these men and charged them with their ministry of service. This, in fact, wast the institution of the diaconate.
 
Actually, read the first reading from this coming Friday’s Mass. It clearly states that the Apostles set aside seven men for the diaconate. In fact, they laid hands on these men and charged them with their ministry of service. This, in fact, wast the institution of the diaconate.
So just to be sure about this, are you suggesting that

  1. *]The Apostles were in no way deacons?
    *]The diaconate was instituted by man, not by God?
 
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