I’ve heard this before here but I don’t know where that belief comes from. If you were to study contract law, the term covenant would come up. The only difference between it and a contract is that a contract can contain several covenants (binding promises).
It sounds as if perhaps the Church is giving it an additional meaning.
Whilst our society uses the terms “covenant” and contract interchangeably, the differences between them are profound. With a contract what is exchanged are “things” and “money,” whereas with a covenant what is exchanged is “self”. Contracts exchange the material. Covenants exchange the essence of the human being.
D.J. McCarthy, “defines covenant as means by which the ancient world took to extend relationships beyond the natural unity of blood”. If we are related by blood we are family, however, to extend this then is done via means of a covenant. Covenant then becomes like family bonds. Indeed covenant is a type of familial bond based on an oath. The Hebrew word for covenant berit means to “bind” or to “fetter” and in its etymology the word means to bind together by blood or by covenant relationship. There is sacredness to a relationship, which is related by blood or covenant, ultimately because these relationships cannot be broken. The links which bind those in a family binds them for all eternity. Each family member cannot be in isolation and because each family member is linked eternally, it is my contention that all family members will be called to redemption, even if only one member is called to lead the others towards the path of holiness. That single holy link within the chain binds, and has the capacity to lead all the others. Jesus is the Holy Link in the earthly chain and He leads the rest towards the path of holiness.
Through the covenants and under this symbol God “binds” or ties Himself to the human family. The relationship is sacred because it is based on God’s love for His family (Ps 100, 145, 150, 1Jn 4:7). We can understand the covenants and the importance of them by looking at the progression of the covenant structures and how they “grew” from a “marriage covenant” (Adam and Eve), Family covenant (Noah) a tribal covenant (Abraham), national covenant (Moses), kingdom covenant (David), and the universal covenant, incorporating elements of the past covenants, with Jesus His Son. Over time God instituted covenants and designed them so as to incorporate larger and larger dimensions of humanity until finally the definitive, all encompassing, covenant is made. The new family was begun by the new Adam (Jesus), however, this family did not dispose or forget the old Adam and his family, but incorporated the old Adam into the new. The Old Testament must be seen as the process by which God slowly, and little by little, reclaims His children. Through the covenants God established the means by which imperceptibly, He expands and extends His fatherhood until the time when His unique and ultimate fatherhood in Jesus is fulfilled and sealed through the new covenant.
Covenant love (hesed) always includes trust, mercy, compassion, and self-giving love. Covenant love is always faithful and never forsakes the other just as Yahweh never forsook His “bride” even when His bride was unfaithful to Him
A secular understanding of the term “covenant” suggests that it is an agreement, or contract with certain stipulations, which must be met by the covenant parties. Indeed covenant, under this belief is no more than a legally binding contract. The reduction of the term “covenant” to such an understanding can and does cheat humanity of an understanding of “covenant” as something more than a contract. Indeed something so lofty that only God could have devised such a relationship.
The above is a very brief summary of a large paper I wrote for MA Theol on marriage covenant. I thought you might like to read it remembering that it is just a brief summary. God BlessGrace Angel.