Edwin, I know you are a learned man but this is nonsense. Not only the Preface of the original King James Bible which I mentioned, but 16th century writers such as Thomas More and the staunch protestants Foxe and Cranmer, all testify that the whole Bible was translated into English since shortly after the conversion of England in the seventh century, and translated anew in each century as Anglo-Saxon became Anglo-Norman then Middle English then Early Modern English. Not by heretics but by perfectly orthodox Catholics and the translations approved by the English bishops.
Respectfully, I’m pretty sure you are mistaken here. The KJV preface refers to the Psalter and various other
parts of Scripture being translated in Anglo-Saxon times, which is quite correct (the first six books of the OT were translated for sure, as were the Gospels). However, that was not the whole Bible, and at any rate would have been unreadable to most people (if not to everyone) by the later Middle Ages. I don’t think that so much of the Bible was ever translated into English again until the “Wyclif” Bible of the 14th century, though certainly parts (mostly the NT) were translated at times and far more was paraphrased. The KJV preface’s references to “Trevisa,” and to complete manuscript copies of the English Bible, are almost certainly talking about the Wyclif Bible. I have been told before on this forum (or a similar one) that St. Thomas More refers to an English Bible being translated for the use of a monastic community, but I have not seen documentation of this. Of course, the fact that sixteenth-century people claimed that something had happened does not necessarily mean that it did happen.
So I am afraid I have to stand by my claim: there is no convincing evidence for a
complete translation of the English Bible before the Reformation
except for the “heretical” Bible associated with Wyclif and his followers. Large
parts of the Bible were certainly translated, together with much more extensive paraphrasing and general Biblical catechesis. One of the huge mistakes made by Protestants is to assume that because the Church was nervous about people simply sitting down and reading a more or less literal translation of the Bible (which the late medieval Church definitely was), therefore the Church didn’t try to teach people the Bible at all. And of course I haven’t even mentioned art. Lay piety in the later Middle Ages was saturated with the Bible, even if people weren’t reading a chapter a day in the approved later Protestant fashion!
The
Catholic Encyclopedia has a good list of the medieval versions known to exist at the time the CE was published. The article mentions the sixteenth-century claims to which you allude, but I repeat: these claims do not prove much. I do study the sixteenth century, and I know how loose sixteenth-century writers can be in their claims about history.
Yes it’s true that no complete English Bible from the early middle ages is known to have survived to this day. The main reason being, as Protestant writers testify, that as many as could be found were deliberately destroyed during the “stripping of the altars” by protestants during the reigns of Edward VI and Elizabeth I, when every sign of Catholicism was attempted to be destroyed. (And often the mere presence of a cross on the cover, or the fact that it was found in the home of a Catholic, was enough for the protestants to consign a book to the flames, or use it as toilet paper). Oliver Cromwell’s “saints” finishing off what little remained in the following century.
I think you’re making a bit of a leap when you assume that they would have destroyed Bibles. Yes, it’s possible that such a thing did happen because mobs or soldiers just thought a book looked “Papist.” But it’s a huge stretch to conclude from the theoretical possibility that copies of the Scriptures were sometimes destroyed that therefore whole Bibles
must have existed in the Middle Ages!
What we have
actual evidence for is, as I said, very extensive partial translations in the Anglo-Saxon era; somewhat less extensive manuscript translations in the Middle English period before Wyclif (and I should add that there’s not a lot of evidence that these were widely circulated); and then the highly controversial Wyclif Bible.
Edwin