Difference between 'nothing' and a 'vacuum'

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HOW the universe came into existence is not, in my opinion, a matter of concern for most atheists. Once you get to a certain point, the how and the why come crashing together and you can’t really discern the difference between them. So here’s the problem…

  1. *]Science deals with the observable.
    *]Prior to the creation of the universe, nothing was observable. In fact, we can only “see” back to the begining of the universe.
    *]Therefore, science cannot deal with what happened before the creation of the universe (i.e., the HOW the universe came into being).
    *]Since science can’t deal with this, what else do we have that can? Theology.
    *]Belief in the concepts behind theology requires a belief in God.
    *]Atheists don’t believe in God…so they’re left with only going back so far as science can take them.

    So really, atheists don’t really care so much about giving any sort of explanation…go figure.

    God Bless!

    H D

  1. I agree with everything said here excluding the statement “Belief in the concepts behind theology requires BELIEF in God”. To know God exists DOES NOT require BELIEF. The Documents of Vatican II clearly state “One Can Know God By the Natural Light of Human Reason”. To know something is true by reason is not an act of belieft - but rather common sense to acknowledge what is real. Theology can help a person to clear up the “junk in the trunk” that prevent them from Faith - knowing WHO God is. Knowing WHO God is requires belieft. Knowing THAT God is - is an intellect that reasons clearly.
 
Cosmological arguments are a class of arguments, and they’ve been around a lot longer than Aquinas. They all attempt to end an infinite regression. In fact, if one accepts the premises of cosmological arguments they’re so obvious they border on being tautologies. The point of contention is not following the argument, but agreeing on the premises. Physicists who concern themselves with cosmology directly or indirectly know the category of cosmological arguments very well. They simply reject one or more premises. It did not even take modern physics to end the appeal of cosmological arguments. Hume and Kant dealt them death blows in the Age of Enlightenment, even though Kant was still a faithful Christian.
Same old, tired atheist forum list of responses that have been dealt death blows hundreds of times, in the recent past. But, at least we know where you’ve come from.
The second law of thermodynamics applies to living organisms. I’m curious why you apparently think it doesn’t.
Interesting. So, living things are undergoing entropy, too.
I already specified the points where the physics are wrong.
Would you be so kind as to tells us where?
Philosophers can make all the conclusions they want based on physics, but if the physics is wrong their arguments are invalid.
Profound.
I’m very impressed that you know my life history without ever having met me. In Einstein’s case, he was an ardent philosophy student and philosophers recognize his contributions to the field of philosophy of science.
Document please.
This is a classic example of the fallacy of argument from ignorance. Do you really think that because science can’t explain something it proves that God is the only explanation?
What other explanations are there? Perhaps you could list some?

jd
 
So who gets to define “practicing (honest)”? You get to screen out whatever you want with your ad hoc filter. This is a textbook example of the No True Scotsman fallacy.
You never cease to disappoint me. Each time you post something, the statements become ever more absurd.

I have an idea: you can go out and look for one of your atheist friends, someone who is trusted by all, someone who is not relativistic with regard to morality, someone who you would trust your life to, or, better yet, someone you would let your teenage daughter stay with while you’re away on holiday, someone you would instruct your young, beautiful wife to go to for aid while you’re deployed, someone you would entrust with a $50 million dollar winning lottery ticket to while you spent 90 days behind bars and only you and him knew of the ticket, someone who would not back your play if he caught you lying to someone he didn’t know from Adam, and would never see again. And, I don’t care whether he’s a Scotsman or not.

jd
 
So the concept of good vs evil is merely a selection pressure?
I’m talking about innate human morality what you referred to as our software for this purpose, which is probably as good a description as any, Selection pressure can produce very complex structures and behaviors, so I see no reason why it couldn’t shape the innate human sense of morality.

As far as the concept of good vs. evil (when limited to the naturalistic meanings), there are a large number of other factors that contribute to the issue. So no, I do not think this problem would be well described as merely a selection pressure.
 
I’m talking about innate human morality what you referred to as our software for this purpose, which is probably as good a description as any, Selection pressure can produce very complex structures and behaviors, so I see no reason why it couldn’t shape the innate human sense of morality.
Perhaps there is an evolved utilitarian innate notion of “mutually assured destruction” that has resulted in a more successful human social order. I agree a case could be made for this. But the argument that it can replace God as the actual source of right and wrong is overdrawn.
As far as the concept of good vs. evil (when limited to the naturalistic meanings), there are a large number of other factors that contribute to the issue. So no, I do not think this problem would be well described as merely a selection pressure.
Naturalistic good and evil is an oxymoron. In a naturalistic sense, there are no inalienable rights because there is no Creator to endow them. It is then truly survival of the fittest in the starkest sense.
 
Perhaps there is an evolved utilitarian innate notion of “mutually assured destruction” that has resulted in a more successful human social order. I agree a case could be made for this. But the argument that it can replace God as the actual source of right and wrong is overdrawn.
Selection pressure and the mathematical models can do a pretty good job accounting for a range of innate human moral rules, but I am not suggesting that it is enough in our present world. Only some 5% of human history (and less than 1% of hominid history) has been in the age of civilization. Our innate moral rules seem much better suited for small, mostly kin-based groups. In some ways, they are maladapted to modern civilization.
Naturalistic good and evil is an oxymoron.
There are many definitions of good and evil in common usage and in philosophy that are compatible with naturalism. Some naturalists also are quick to dismiss the word evil and the distinction between good and evil, but I think that is a mistake.
In a naturalistic sense, there are no inalienable rights because there is no Creator to endow them. It is then truly survival of the fittest in the starkest sense.
I disagree. I think people claim this in part because naturalists are too quick to give up on the problem. Because our innate moral rules have not evolved fast enough to keep pace with societal and technological changes, we need to counteract the maladapted rules with a combination of our intellect and moral rules that are still useful. We still have rights in the sense of the natural law, it’s just a difficult problem resolving them with rapid societal and technological changes. In many ways, I think world religions have been trying to accomplish this since the dawn of civilization.

As an example of how I think religion has been working through these issues, Jesus said love your neighbor and your enemy. Loving your neighbor is pretty easy. We’re set up pretty well to be kind and generous to family and people close to us and like us. Loving an enemy doesn’t come as naturally. We have to think through why it is important, and think of ways how an enemy is similar to us to let our innate compassion work on those similarities.
 
(Post #111)

I had this conversation with my late husband some time ago… He had sometining written in his bible about the word, ‘nothing’ So I asked him, “What is nothing?”
I believe there was always someting because God was there. On the other hand, many things were always in the mind of God.
This can be an endless discussion. ‘nothing’? what is ‘nothing?’

jean
The answer to your question is clear, at least in the metaphysical sense. Regarding this part of your statement, “…there was always something because God was there…” in the context of the belief that God created the universe, you were right. Here are my reasons for believing so.

The word “nothing” is an abstraction. There are many other useful abstractions. Examples: one, two, trillion, infinity, zero.

Abstractions can be very helpful when applied to the real world, so long as they are used mostly as adjectives and not mistaken for real things (not misused as nouns).

In the course of using abstractions to help us deal with reality, such as by using integers to count bananas or using mathematics to send rockets to the moon, the abstractions often get confused with the reality which they help us to understand.

Bottom line: infinity, trillion, hundred, one, zero, and nothing do not exist, any more than does reddish or mysterious.

The mind, itself not being a readily definable thing, has the ability to think well beyond the things and events which helped teach it to think. It can and does imagine things which do not exist, things (let’s add things and events) which might exist, and things and events which cannot exist.

Since our perceptions of reality are derived from constructs within the mind, it is no surprise that we often confuse the constructs derived from sensory data with those we simply invent. This is actually fair, since it is probable that some of the ideas we invent are actually better than sense-based observations. (e.g: Our senses make it evident that the sun, planets, and entire universe revolve around the earth— obvious, but wrong.)

Now and then humans become so attached to their inventions and abstractions that they cannot bear being mistaken, and therefore attribute miraculous or divine origin for their ideas. Pretend for a moment that ideas and abstractions are just things which human invented. For the same moment, put aside belief in the words and interpretations of any Bible, Koran, Book of Mormon or whatever, as well as belief in the notion that any human beings have been spoken to or inspired by the Creator of the Universe.

This is not an attempt to open the door to atheism, which I regard as the most absurd belief system ever invented by the human mind.

We exist and live in a universe which exists, which implies that something exists. We can imagine a state of being in which neither us nor the universe, nor anything else exists. Such a state might be called, “Absolute Nothing.” Our imagining a “nothing” or a state of being in which no definable things or entities exist does not make the “nothing” abstraction a reality. .

It’s cool that some old philosophers who’d never heard of thermodynamics, but needed to explain the origin of the universe to boost their credibility, declared that God made the universe out of nothing. It sounded good, meant nothing, and could not be refuted by the people of that day.

The problem is that those people accepted an implicit definition of Absolute Nothing which the biblical writers had not and could not define. They declared the universe to be created from nothing by God, who cannot be nothing. The existence of God denies the existence of any kind of Absolute Nothingness.

To put these arguments into perspective, imagine that Hebrews had declared that God made the universe out of glerf. Replace “nothing” with “glerf” in the previous two paragraphs. That won’t prove or mean anything— it will just put the discussion into a different perspective. We don’t know what glerf is. We don’t know what nothing is either.

Some have wormed their way around this complaint by declaring that God is a spirit and not part of either the universe or the nothing from which he made it. The same people declare that God can affect events within the physical universe. By the very meaning of physical, this means that God is Himself physical, and capable of sharing the same space/time/energy-exchange relationships with the stuff of the universe as you are.

But that statement does not define an “absolute nothing.”

I’ll bet that if the laws of physics were known back in biblical times, the Hebrews who wrote Genesis during the Babylonian Captivity only a few centuries B.C. would have declared that God made the world out of energy.

Since physics has determined that energy is not created or destroyed (which implies that it has always existed) this would have been a no-brainer choice. Lots of new age religious types have already adopted this fairly obvious conclusion.

The Church cannot adopt this idea because it adheres to the omnipotent God concept, which is inconsistent with the laws of thermodynamics.

Your simple question points up the most fundamental question facing the Church today. As best I can determine, the Church is unaware of the existence of this question and the importance of its resolution. Until that changes, the “nothing” question will indeed be debated forever with the identical, confusing, results— nothing.
 
why should there be a universe at all? why is there anything? i often hear the continual misinterpretation of quantum virtual particles as a possible explanation for the existence of the universe. people commonly misunderstand that this is more than a theory about the behavior of virtual particles in a vacuum.

people tend to think that a ‘vacuum’ is the same thing as ‘nothing’. its not! a vacuum, even a perfect vacuum, is a dimensionally defined space.

there is no physical reason why anything should exist at all. not even a vacuum. i wonder by what method an atheist may say we came into existence? if there be no physical reason for existence, we shouldn’t be here should we?
We don’t actually know. We do not know how we got here, we do not know what the purpose is, if there is even an answer to that question. We live in one gigantic mysterious universe and existance itself is the ultimate mystery.

There is nothing wrong with not knowing, it’s what drives us to research these matters and allows for all sorts of wonderful discoveries.

For all we know, we could be some advanced civilizations petri dish.

It is an interesting concept…why should anything exist at all, and it’s probably the only thing that I could honestly say is something of a miracle. But for me, as an athiest no invoking of hypothetical Gods, helps answer the question, it just leads to more questions that can’t actually ever really be answered truthfully, since nothing outside of this universe can ever be verified(at least we dont’ think so at this point).

So, this athiests answer is…we simply do not know. I’m okay with that since it is the most honest position I can hold.
 
We don’t actually know. We do not know how we got here, we do not know what the purpose is, if there is even an answer to that question. We live in one gigantic mysterious universe and existance itself is the ultimate mystery.

There is nothing wrong with not knowing, it’s what drives us to research these matters and allows for all sorts of wonderful discoveries.

For all we know, we could be some advanced civilizations petri dish.

It is an interesting concept…why should anything exist at all, and it’s probably the only thing that I could honestly say is something of a miracle. But for me, as an athiest no invoking of hypothetical Gods, helps answer the question, it just leads to more questions that can’t actually ever really be answered truthfully, since nothing outside of this universe can ever be verified(at least we dont’ think so at this point).

So, this athiests answer is…we simply do not know. I’m okay with that since it is the most honest position I can hold.
Damneedna - please correct that statement from “WE do not know how WE got here” … to “I do not know how I got here” …

I DO KNOW how I got here and why I am here. I know that from personal experience and not just head knowledge. So please stop using the word WE.

I do respect that you are very honest and I really like that. But please do not pretend to speak for all of us 🙂
 
We don’t actually know. We do not know how we got here, we do not know what the purpose is, if there is even an answer to that question. We live in one gigantic mysterious universe and existance itself is the ultimate mystery.

There is nothing wrong with not knowing, it’s what drives us to research these matters and allows for all sorts of wonderful discoveries.

For all we know, we could be some advanced civilizations petri dish.

It is an interesting concept…why should anything exist at all, and it’s probably the only thing that I could honestly say is something of a miracle. But for me, as an athiest no invoking of hypothetical Gods, helps answer the question, it just leads to more questions that can’t actually ever really be answered truthfully, since nothing outside of this universe can ever be verified(at least we dont’ think so at this point).

So, this athiests answer is…we simply do not know. I’m okay with that since it is the most honest position I can hold.
no invoking of hypothetical gods? im afraid there is no other choice, as causality precludes any possible scientific creation.

your only choice is that there is a G-d, we may argue comparative theology, or even if the creative act is intelligent. but no scientific, natural theory is possible.

atheism isnt possible. one cant even hide behind empricism anymore, because no natural cause is possible.

i know that some think it is honest to admit ignorance and leave it at that, but in the case of atheism one isnt admitting a lack of knowledge, but rather a lack of desire to find out.

and since science is, and, i now see always has been a wild goose chase. there is really only one issue.

who or what is G-d?

atheism is dead as a rational alternative to theism, it just doesnt know it yet.
 
no invoking of hypothetical gods? im afraid there is no other choice, as causality precludes any possible scientific creation.
Have you proven causality (I don’t remember seeing your refutation of the Copenhagen Interpretation - did you)?

Have you disproved an eternal nature? I would like to see your proof that nature cannot be eternal.
 
The answer to your question is clear, at least in the metaphysical sense. Regarding this part of your statement, “…there was always something because God was there…” in the context of the belief that God created the universe, you were right. Here are my reasons for believing so.

The word “nothing” is an abstraction. There are many other useful abstractions. Examples: one, two, trillion, infinity, zero.
With all due respect, Greylorn, you have confused the meaning of “mathematical abstraction”. In your examples, you use the first level of abstraction to meet your definition, when, in fact, there are two levels of abstraction present in mathematical abstraction. The first level of abstraction is from the physical, or sensible world to individual intelligible matter. The second level, takes one from individual intelligible matter to the universal consideration of intelligible matter. (Intelligible = imaginable.)

Now, since you have used your examples as examples in the mathematical order, you must also define abstraction in the mathematical order. So, in the mathematical order of abstraction, examples more properly are: one-ness, two-ness, trillion-ness, infiniteness, zero-ness, instead of one, two, trillion, etc. This distinction is very important because it affects any conclusions you might make in a rather poignant way.
Abstractions can be very helpful when applied to the real world, so long as they are used mostly as adjectives and not mistaken for real things (not misused as nouns).
Good.
In the course of using abstractions to help us deal with reality, such as by using integers to count bananas or using mathematics to send rockets to the moon, the abstractions often get confused with the reality which they help us to understand.

Bottom line: infinity, trillion, hundred, one, zero, and nothing do not exist, any more than does reddish or mysterious.
Here is where the first mistake is made: at least “infinity”, “trillion”, “hundred”, “one”, “zero” do exist in the kind of immaterialities mathematical objects possess, or by the kind of reference mathematics makes to motion or mobile being.

Terms such as “nothing” can be associated with these immaterial realities as well, but, by another process more properly called “separation”. Separation does not immobilize mobile, or intelligible things and then extract from such things their universals. What it does is regard mobile being as being, then, remove each one from the consideration.
The mind, itself not being a readily definable thing, has the ability to think well beyond the things and events which helped teach it to think. It can and does imagine things which do not exist, things (let’s add things and events) which might exist, and things and events which cannot exist.
OK.
Since our perceptions of reality are derived from constructs within the mind, it is no surprise that we often confuse the constructs derived from sensory data with those we simply invent. This is actually fair, since it is probable that some of the ideas we invent are actually better than sense-based observations. (e.g: Our senses make it evident that the sun, planets, and entire universe revolve around the earth— obvious, but wrong.)
This paragraph consists of problematic statements, but, since clearing them up doesn’t affect getting to your argument, we can skip correcting those problems for now.
 
Now and then humans become so attached to their inventions and abstractions that they cannot bear being mistaken, and therefore attribute miraculous or divine origin for their ideas.
Here is where the next serious problems appear in your argument. You have made two “leaps of faith”. The first leap is from “attachment to abstractions and conceptions” to some sort of emotion due to the possibility of error in any of those misconceptions or invalid abstractions, and the second leap is from this emotion due to separation (not the same separation mentioned earlier) to “attribution to miraculous or divine origin.” I can suggest more than sufficient examples where nothing of the sort ensues to prove such an assertion to be false.
Pretend for a moment that ideas and abstractions are just things which human invented. For the same moment, put aside belief in the words and interpretations of any Bible, Koran, Book of Mormon or whatever, as well as belief in the notion that any human beings have been spoken to or inspired by the Creator of the Universe.

This is not an attempt to open the door to atheism, which I regard as the most absurd belief system ever invented by the human mind.

We exist and live in a universe which exists, which implies that something exists.
But, how do we KNOW that that interpretation of our sensory data is not invalid too? Earlier you said, “Since our perceptions of reality are derived from constructs within the mind, it is no surprise that we often confuse the constructs derived from sensory data with those we simply invent.” Accordingly, there would seem to be potentially no interpretations that have any hope of validity.
We can imagine a state of being in which neither us nor the universe, nor anything else exists. Such a state might be called, “Absolute Nothing.” Our imagining a “nothing” or a state of being in which no definable things or entities exist does not make the “nothing” abstraction a reality.
However, considering a “state of being where no things exist” is not an “abstraction”, this is part of your problem. As an act of “separation”, we can easily envision an area where there were formerly some things by removing those things. We can do this both physically and we can do it by imagination. We are not speaking of quantum possibilities here; we are speaking of physical things as beings. In other words, we are speaking of the very being of a thing, whether molecular in size or much larger.
It’s cool that some old philosophers who’d never heard of thermodynamics, but needed to explain the origin of the universe to boost their credibility, declared that God made the universe out of nothing. It sounded good, meant nothing, and could not be refuted by the people of that day.
Here you make an entire bouquet of common fallacies. You state, “…but needed to explain the origin of the universe to boost their credibility…” - this being only one of the fallacies.
The problem is that those people accepted an implicit definition of Absolute Nothing which the biblical writers had not and could not define. They declared the universe to be created from nothing by God, who cannot be nothing. The existence of God denies the existence of any kind of Absolute Nothingness.
Another very apparent contradiction is being made here: you declare that Absolute Nothing is, first, a pure “abstraction”, then, second, you define it as, “…a state of being in which neither us nor the universe, nor anything else exists.” No wonder the confusion.
To put these arguments into perspective, imagine that Hebrews had declared that God made the universe out of glerf. Replace “nothing” with “glerf” in the previous two paragraphs. That won’t prove or mean anything— it will just put the discussion into a different perspective. We don’t know what glerf is. We don’t know what nothing is either.
But, you defined it for us. How can we not know what it is? (Besides, I defined it, too.)
 
Some have wormed their way around this complaint by declaring that God is a spirit and not part of either the universe or the nothing from which he made it. The same people declare that God can affect events within the physical universe. By the very meaning of physical, this means that God is Himself physical, and capable of sharing the same space/time/energy-exchange relationships with the stuff of the universe as you are.
More examples of faulty logic. Your first sentence is contradictory. You define “nothing” in essentially physical terms. More accurately, you have defined it as the absence of any physical things. Then you sort of throw in “metaphysical” as if it possessed physicality, or physical properties. Next, you call out the metaphysical as that which cannot be anything but physical, using circular reasoning.
But that statement does not define an “absolute nothing.”

I’ll bet that if the laws of physics were known back in biblical times, the Hebrews who wrote Genesis during the Babylonian Captivity only a few centuries B.C. would have declared that God made the world out of energy.

Since physics has determined that energy is not created or destroyed (which implies that it has always existed) this would have been a no-brainer choice. Lots of new age religious types have already adopted this fairly obvious conclusion.
I am reeling from the nonsense. Here you are confusing two different subjects. On the one hand, you are describing the states of matter and energy in equilibrium; and, on the other, you are attributing that consideration of the states of matter and energy with the creation, or beginning of the universe.
The Church cannot adopt this idea because it adheres to the omnipotent God concept, which is inconsistent with the laws of thermodynamics.
Not so. On the one hand, the Church would not make the mistake of confusing thermodynamics with cosmology. On the other hand, the omnipotent God concept is very consistent with thermodynamics. You may want to take a look at the thread called: “’Conservation of Matter’ = Heresy?”
Your simple question points up the most fundamental question facing the Church today. As best I can determine, the Church is unaware of the existence of this question and the importance of its resolution. Until that changes, the “nothing” question will indeed be debated forever with the identical, confusing, results— nothing.
Nothing to say here. This paragraph is an amalgam of ill-conceived, un-founded, un-warranted, baseless assertions.

jd
 
Have you proven causality (I don’t remember seeing your refutation of the Copenhagen Interpretation - did you)?
how bout the other ten mutually exclusive QM interpretations?
Have you disproved an eternal nature? I would like to see your proof that nature cannot be eternal.
heard of the Big Bang?

you need proof of an eternal nature, not the other way around.
 
So your proof of causality is that people disagree?
no, my refutation of the copenhagen interpretation, is the other 10 mutually exclusive common interpretations of QM.

causality is as an immutable law, as conservation, or gravity, to our universal experience, do you have something that disproves it?
Actually, I don’t. You’re the one who needs to prove an eternal nature is impossible in order to support your claims.
im sorry, but the empirical evidence is on my side, we can show a beginning in the big bang.

do you have any evidence that the big bang doesnt represent a beginning? no, none exists.

what is there for me to prove? science is on my side here.

that said maybe you would like donshcneiders argument in the OP of the thread

“Philosophical Proof of a Creator/Beats Aquinas!”

we can go on all day, but there are no serious scientists with any evidence of your eternal universe. in fact given the empoirical evidence against it, it would seem to be a matter of faith…
 
How can one prove or disprove God? God has not given us proof and for good reason…

God remains hidden from the unjust. One must seek after Him whole-heartedly.
He remains hidden from those who don’t want him. Thats why there is no unquestionable proof for us.

God is such that a person cannot take knowledge of Him by force. If God hadn’t revealed Himself we wouldn’t know of his existence at all.

A person must ask and receive from Him.-Jesus Christ. Similar to how a person must ask you how you are doing or what you are doing. We are made in the likeness of God. Rational. Would you share intimate details about your life with your enemies?
 
no, my refutation of the copenhagen interpretation, is the other 10 mutually exclusive common interpretations of QM.
All this shows is that 10 or 11 QM interpretations are wrong, it doesn’t prove causality.
causality is as an immutable law, as conservation, or gravity, to our universal experience, do you have something that disproves it?
I’m not trying to disprove it. I’m claiming that it’s not proven. In fact, observation and experimentation have sided with non-causality, but new observations could change that.

Our “universal experience” isn’t so universal. No amount of observation can prove an induction. The best we can claim with an induction is that given our current observations, natural phenomenon can be described or approximated by such and such rules. Nature has no obligation to follow what we want to call immutable law, and in fact natural phenomenon surprise us almost every time we expand the limits of our observation capabilities.
im sorry, but the empirical evidence is on my side, we can show a beginning in the big bang.
No, the evidence is not on your side at all. We are profoundly ignorant in our understanding of nature.
do you have any evidence that the big bang doesnt represent a beginning? no, none exists.
Once again, I am making a claim “we don’t know.” There’s not much to be proven here. You are making a claim that you do know. Fine. Prove it.
what is there for me to prove? science is on my side here.
What science? What science do we have to explain a singularity? What science do we have to explain what is or is not outside our universe? Just by sending a probe to the outer planets we had to ditch most of what we thought we knew about them. Almost every time we expand the limits of our observational capability we find something we didn’t know about or sometimes even didn’t suspect. Going back to the singularity takes us so far out of our observational limits that there are undoubtedly many surprised in store for us.
we can go on all day, but there are no serious scientists with any evidence of your eternal universe.
We’re not going to rely on argument from ignorance.
in fact given the empoirical evidence against it, it would seem to be a matter of faith…
Please share what empirical evidence we have against it. Explain why you are so confident in it given that even a comparatively mundane observation on Type 1a supernovae completely changed our understanding of the standard model of cosmology.
 
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