In order to become an OCDS, the one must make promises as #1. If an OCDS desires to make vows of obedience and chastity, then he makes vows as #2.
The profession is made to the spiritual assistant of the community, an OCD friar, or to an authorized priest, if the friar is a brother.
So the OCDS is not an independent order? And brothers are not equal to priests in the OCD?
I didn’t know this.
Among Franciscans, the Secular Franciscan Order is completely autonomous. The profession is made to the Minister of the Secular Franciscans, who must be a Secular Franciscan. No one else can accept the profession of a Secular Franciscan. Any priest can celebrate the mass. Because profession is a liturgical and canonical act it must take place within a mass.
We do have that two parts as you have explained it.
You may make the promise only or you can make the vows too, if you desire to do so. However, the vows are not required to be a fully professed member of the Secular Franciscans. The only SFOs who make the vows are those who are celibate and it is voluntary.
As to the friar, the Franciscans do not have the distinction between priests and brothers. Every friar is considered a brother and every ordained friar is considered to have a vocation within a vocation, just as much as those friars who are teachers, lawyers, porters, cooks, psychologists, beggers and so forth.
Even among the friars, the major superior can be a lay friar or what is sometimes called a lay brother. In that case, the friar making vows kneels before him and makes the profession of both temporary and solemn vows. An ordained friar will celebrate the mass, but the superior will sit in the presidential chair for the rite of profession and receive the vows in the name of the order and the Church.
The same is the case with the Secular Franciscans. The superior, called the Minister, receives the vows in the name of the order and the Church.
Maybe the difference is that the Carmelites may have the status of a clerical institute, while all Franciscan orders have a status of lay institutes, including the friars, regardless of whether they have priests. This is why we have lay brothers as Superior Generals, Provincials, local superiors even over parishes.
The statutes of some provinces and the generalate forbid the priests calling themselves “Father”. The current Minister General of the Capuchins, I believe is ordained, but he must, by law, sign his name Brother.
They are not just brothers to each other, they are techinically religious brothers who are simultaneously ordained clerics.
Therefore, all superiors among the friars and the secular orders are called Ministers, to lose the difference between the ordained and the non-ordained. There are priests among the Secular Franciscans. If they are elected to office, they are not Father. They are Minister, just like the friars.
The nuns, even though they are enclosed, are always considered lay women, as are the sisters who are in active ministry.
I may be wrong, but I believe that the Benedictines also follow the same structure. They too are an order of lay brothers, even if they are ordained or secular priests who are oblates. The Marianists also follow the same canonical status.
Fraternally,
JR
