I just wanted to give my two cents. For a little background, I am a computer science graduate and one of my main areas of interest is AI. The first point of note in this article is they are trying to reverse engineer the human brain using a distributed computer system. This is indicative of trying to cure AIDS with Folding@home, will it ever happen? Maybe. Is it likely? Not very! Thankfully, the human brain is not a simple object which one might open up, look at, and say “Oh, now I see how vision works!” It is far more complicated. Although many of our functions are implemented using electrical impulses, there are also other subtleties which arise. For example: why is it that brain chemistry has a direct affect on conditions such as depression. Why can someone continue to function normally while missing half of their brain? Each of these things (electrical impulses, brain chemistry, medical conditions, etc) might appear logical and reversible on the surface, but put them all together and you have a immensely complex system. Reverse engineering that to such a degree as to simulate it is extremely unlikely at our current level of technology.
In addition to this, when people hear someone say “Artificial Intelligence,” the general image is that of Data from Star Trek, or Johnny 5:
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Isn’t that scary! The fact is, however, that our level of AI is not even close to achieving that level of cognitive ability. To give you an idea, a good example of a complex ‘AI’ system is that of the computer “Deep Blue” which was designed by IBM to beat Kasparov in chess. That was one of the most powerful super computers at the time, and granted it did calculate the game graph to many thousand levels, it still only did one thing: play chess. In the end it comes down to the fact that although we might be able to simulate a seemingly ‘human intelligence,’ it is very unlikely that we will ever be able to actually create one, at least in our lifetime. There will definitely be moral and ethical dilemmas if it is ever achieved, but I will leave that to you to discuss.
-Kevin