The first organized missions to what is now Poland were from the “Methodian rite”, and there is still some evidence of that in minor customs and traditions of the Poles, who were weaned off of it in the eleventh century.
There are one million Orthodox and a few hundred thousand Byzantine Catholics (UGCC, mostly) but for the most part these are present because of the shifting borders of the old Polish kingdom which sometimes admitted, sometimes assimilated and sometimes excluded other Christians. Nevertheless, there have always been Eastern Christians nearby. The mother of Pope John Paul II was one such person.
[Likewise, the Roman Catholics of Belarus and Ukraine are largely believed to be from colonies of Poles originating further west.]
If sister Faustina invented the chaplet, then I would say it is quite possible it was composed under some influence or inspiration of Eastern style of spirituality or thinking. But the devotion itself is in no way a variation of Eastern spirituality, it is quite Latin.
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