No. A civil divorce doesn’t affect your status of being in communion with the Church. Remarrying without an annulment would. Since those take time and effort to get, though, if you think that you might someday want to remarry, you might want to attend an annulment writing workshop or contact your parish priest to run the particulars of your situation past him, and get some advice on how to get started. Don’t get put off by the horror stories of what you’ve heard among people you know. Most of them fall under the category of “urban legend.” An annulment would cost you about 1/100 of what your divorce cost you financially (in terms of fees,) and most dioceses have reduced fees, financial aid, or a combination to defray the cost if someone is in bad financial circumstances.
We don’t need to know the specifics of your situation, but if you are living in a state of grace and are not romantically/sexually involved with someone (even without remarriage,) you’re basically considered a married Catholic who is not residing with his wife, unless and until that marriage is declared null by the marriage tribunal. Then you would be considered a single Catholic, regardless if you’re paying alimony, child support, or separate maintenance. A divorce is a civil action and has no bearing on your status in the Church. You should call the rectory of your parish and verify this with the priest, but from what I’ve read, that seems to be accurate.
