I am trying to learn more about the Catholic faith and was wondering if they believe in the rapture as protestants do?
No, they teach they are the fulfillment of Israel. All prophecy of Israel is either already fulfilled or interpreted as fulfilled as the church. Prophecies concerning the regathering of Jews from all nations back into the land? Fulfilled a long time ago and has nothing to do with those ragathered back in Israel today. Also, there is a vanilla teaching of somehow, someway some Jews are save in the end times. Augustine, I believe taught this, and you couldn’t blame him in a way. The Jews were dispersed and kicked out of their land at that time. The nation of Israel just wasn’t visable.
The timing of the rapture in dispentionalism has to do the start of the tribulation. Believers in a pre-tribulation catching away are accussed that they just want to “avoid suffering and persecution”.

But with Israel inserted back into prophecy, Jesus church, his bride, who is filled with the Holy Spirit, with their lamps trimmed and ready with oil, is taking to heaven where Jesus prepared a place for them. This happens at a time only his Father knows. With the church gone, Gods focus is centered on Israel. In all the labor pains it will have to go through, all Israel will be reconciled with the God of Israel when Jesus comes back. Their hard hearts about him will be broke when they call out for him and look upon him who they pierced. But they will be saved, those that will endured to the end. Then Joel 3 and Matthew 25 tell of a judgement of the nations by Jesus himself. Joel 3 speaks of the division of the land, which is going on today, and Matthew 25 speaks of how the nations, whether they were sheep or goats, by how they treated his “bretheren”.
So feel free to shoot holes in this 150 year old “idea” that the church will go before the tribulation. There isn’t much evidence of this being taught in the church before this time, but the teaching that the people and the land of Israel are cast off certainly are.