Do Eastern Catholics accept the filioque?

[SHW]

This here is St. Basil’s 38’th letter but it is considered to be by St. Gregory(atleast according to Cardinal Shonborn).

For the Son, by whom are all things, and with whom the Holy Ghost is inseparably conceived of, is of the Father. For it is not possible for any one to conceive of the Son if he be not previously enlightened by the Spirit. Since, then, the Holy Ghost, from Whom all the supply of good things for creation has its source, is attached to the Son, and with Him is inseparably apprehended, and has Its being attached to the Father, as cause, from Whom also It proceeds; It has this note of Its peculiar hypostatic nature, that It is known after the Son and together with the Son, and that It has Its subsistence of the Father. The Son, Who declares the Spirit proceeding from the Father through Himself and with Himself, shining forth alone and by only-begetting from the unbegotten light, so far as the peculiar notes are concerned, has nothing in common either with the Father or with the Holy Ghost. He alone is known by the stated signs. But God, Who is over all, alone has, as one special mark of His own hypostasis, His being Father, and His deriving His hypostasis from no cause; and through this mark He is peculiarly known.
This uses the approach that Apotheoun is coming from. It specifically says that the Spirit has His ‘subsistence’(hypostasis) of the Father.

Jesus also explains it in Scripture:

Jesus states in
John 14:16-18
“I will ask the Father, and He will give you another Helper, that He may be with you forever; 17that is the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it does not see Him or know Him, but you know Him because He abides with you and will be in you. 18"I will not leave you as orphans; I will come to you.”

First, Jesus asks His Father to give the Holy Spirit as Helper to the Church on earth.

John 14:26
“But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in My name, He will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all that I said to you.”

The Father then sends the Helper (Holy Spirit) in Jesus’ name.

John 15:26
“But when the Helper comes, whom I shall send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth who proceeds from the Father, He will testify of Me.”

But, Jesus also sends the Holy Spirit from His Father. He is not sent from the Father alone.

The Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father first. Jesus then sends Him (Holy Spirit) to the Church.

John 16:7-15
“But I tell you the truth, it is to your advantage that I go away; for if I do not go away, the Helper will not come to you; but if I go, I will send Him to you. 8"And He, when He comes, will convict the world concerning sin and righteousness and judgment; 9concerning sin, because they do not believe in Me; 10and concerning righteousness, because I go to the Father and you no longer see Me; 11and concerning judgment, because the ruler of this world has been judged. 12"I have many more things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now. 13"But when He, the Spirit of truth, comes, He will guide you into all the truth; for He will not speak on His own initiative, but whatever He hears, He will speak; and He will disclose to you what is to come. 14**“He will glorify Me, for He will take of Mine and will disclose it to you.”**

The Father sends the Holy Spirit by an act of His Will. Jesus’ Word (verbally) then sends the Holy Spirit’s Power to do the Will of the Father in order to fulfill the purpose of the triune God. (The Father’s Will/purpose is to send the Holy Spirit in Jesus’ name as Helper to Jesus’ Church on earth. Ephesians 3:10-12)

The Holy Spirit then fulfills the Will of the Father when He is sent by the Son to the Church on earth. So the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son.

Both the Son and the Holy Spirit do the Will of the Father, but the Father’s Will is not carried out without the Son’s Word and the Holy Spirit’s Power. Jesus states in John 6:38
“For I have come down from heaven, not to do My own will, but the will of Him who sent Me.”

All three of Them cooperating together do the Will of the triune God. They are always and forevermore in perfect undivided unity because They all desire the same thing. (see Genesis 1:26)

 

[sidbrown]

John 15:26
“But when the Helper comes, whom I shall send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth who proceeds from the Father, He will testify of Me.”

It says here that the Spiit of Truth proceeds from the Father.

 

[George14]

Sid: “And Jesus breathed on them, saying ‘Receive the Holy Spirit…’”

To state part of a truth does not mean there cannot be more to it. Especially for the small capacity of our minds relative to the infinity of God.

 

[bkovacs]

yes you are misrepresenting Catholic teaching…and this is a Catholic fourm. the church has **ALWAYS **taught the spirit proceeds fron the father through the son. the problem is that Greeks and Latin have not always understood eachother and the lack of communion and language barriers has added to this Problem…but the Church has ALWAYS maintained the truth.

Correct the Orthodox Catholic Church holds the truth. The Church of the first millenium. “No Filioque”.

 

[SHW]

It says here that the Spiit of Truth proceeds from the Father.

Exactly. But, after He proceeds from the Father to the Son, He then proceeds from the Son.

First, the Father sends the Holy Spirit to the Son, and then Jesus the Son sends the Holy Spirit.

 

[SHW]

Correct the Orthodox Catholic Church holds the truth. The Church of the first millenium. “No Filioque”.

Jesus actually stated:

He (Holy Spirit) will GUIDE (the Church) into all truth.

The truth does not change, but our understanding and comprehension of the truth becomes richer. “And the Son” gives us a clearer meaning and understanding of the procession of the Holy Spirit. It does not change the fact that He proceeds from the Father (first).

John 16:13
However, when He, the Spirit of truth, has come, He will guide you into all truth; for He will not speak on His own authority, but whatever He hears He will speak; and He will tell you things to come.

Scripture supports the Filioque. The Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father first and then from the Son. God is Love. The Holy Spirit is the Power of Their Love in action.

 

[mardukm]

Dear brother SHW,

Jesus also explains it in Scripture:

Jesus states in
John 14:16-18
“I will ask the Father, and He will give you another Helper, that He may be with you forever; 17that is the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it does not see Him or know Him, but you know Him because He abides with you and will be in you. 18"I will not leave you as orphans; I will come to you.”

First, Jesus asks His Father to give the Holy Spirit as Helper to the Church on earth.

John 14:26
“But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in My name, He will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all that I said to you.”

The Father then sends the Helper (Holy Spirit) in Jesus’ name.

John 15:26
“But when the Helper comes, whom I shall send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth who proceeds from the Father, He will testify of Me.”

But, Jesus also sends the Holy Spirit from His Father. He is not sent from the Father alone.

The Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father first. Jesus then sends Him (Holy Spirit) to the Church.

John 16:7-15
“But I tell you the truth, it is to your advantage that I go away; for if I do not go away, the Helper will not come to you; but if I go, I will send Him to you. 8"And He, when He comes, will convict the world concerning sin and righteousness and judgment; 9concerning sin, because they do not believe in Me; 10and concerning righteousness, because I go to the Father and you no longer see Me; 11and concerning judgment, because the ruler of this world has been judged. 12"I have many more things to say to you, but you cannot bear them now. 13"But when He, the Spirit of truth, comes, He will guide you into all the truth; for He will not speak on His own initiative, but whatever He hears, He will speak; and He will disclose to you what is to come. 14**“He will glorify Me, for He will take of Mine and will disclose it to you.”**

The Father sends the Holy Spirit by an act of His Will. Jesus’ Word (verbally) then sends the Holy Spirit’s Power to do the Will of the Father in order to fulfill the purpose of the triune God. (The Father’s Will/purpose is to send the Holy Spirit in Jesus’ name as Helper to Jesus’ Church on earth. Ephesians 3:10-12)

The Holy Spirit then fulfills the Will of the Father when He is sent by the Son to the Church on earth. So the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son.

Both the Son and the Holy Spirit do the Will of the Father, but the Father’s Will is not carried out without the Son’s Word and the Holy Spirit’s Power. Jesus states in John 6:38
“For I have come down from heaven, not to do My own will, but the will of Him who sent Me.”

All three of Them cooperating together do the Will of the triune God. They are always and forevermore in perfect undivided unity because They all desire the same thing. (see Genesis 1:26)

I’m afraid your catena of quotes does not really help resolve the matter. The crux of the matter (for the Eastern Orthodox, anyway), is the distinction between Essence and Energy.

Eastern Orthodox distinguish between the Energetic Procession and the Hypostatic Procession (source: Synod of Blacharnae and St. Gregory Palamas). EO are willing to admit the Energetic Procession, but not the Hypostatic Procession. All the quotes you gave refer to the Energetic Procession, EO will say, not the Hypostatic Procession. The distinction is not so strong in Blacharnae and Palamas - they both admit that the Energetic Procession is an ETERNAL action, an idea which still has a good chance of reconciliation with the filioque theology of the Latins. But modern EO have gone beyond the sources and have begun to argue that the Energetic Procession is only a temporal action (i.e., not eternal), referring exclusively to the manifestation of the Holy Spirit in creation.

The Latin Church, in distinction, does not distinguish between the Energetic Procession and the Hypostatic Procession. According to Latin theology, Energy cannot be separated from Being, since God is simple. In your understanding, “sending the Holy Spirit” is an eternal action, not merely temporal, and is part and parcel of the eternal Being of the Son.

One can see how close Latin theology is with Blacharnae and Palamas. The Pneumatology of Blacharnae and Palamas is faithfully carried on by Eastern Byzantine Catholics, and provides a good basis and rationale for unity.

As far as the Oriental Orthodox theology is concerned, I personally find nothing wrong with the filioque theology, fully understanding the distinction between ekporeusai, on the one hand, and proienai/procedit, on the other. I do have a big problem with the term “double procession,” and have strongly advocated for its removal from Latin Catholic terminology in the Apologetics Forum.

Blessings,
Marduk

 

[hudconhop]

I don’t know what the priest was referring to, actually. There might have been a translation issue, depending on the common language of the parish. I’ve never seen or heard of a “general absolution” at a Melkite parish, so I don’t know what is actually being described.

Peace and God bless!

 

[SHW]

Dear brother SHW,

I’m afraid your catena of quotes does not really help resolve the matter. The crux of the matter (for the Eastern Orthodox, anyway), is the distinction between Essence and Energy.

Eastern Orthodox distinguish between the Energetic Procession and the Hypostatic Procession (source: Synod of Blacharnae and St. Gregory Palamas). EO are willing to admit the Energetic Procession, but not the Hypostatic Procession. All the quotes you gave refer to the Energetic Procession, EO will say, not the Hypostatic Procession. The distinction is not so strong in Blacharnae and Palamas - they both admit that the Energetic Procession is an ETERNAL action, an idea which still has a good chance of reconciliation with the filioque theology of the Latins. But modern EO have gone beyond the sources and have begun to argue that the Energetic Procession is only a temporal action (i.e., not eternal), referring exclusively to the manifestation of the Holy Spirit in creation.

The Latin Church, in distinction, does not distinguish between the Energetic Procession and the Hypostatic Procession. According to Latin theology, Energy cannot be separated from Being, since God is simple. In your understanding, “sending the Holy Spirit” is an eternal action, not merely temporal, and is part and parcel of the eternal Being of the Son.

One can see how close Latin theology is with Blacharnae and Palamas. The Pneumatology of Blacharnae and Palamas is faithfully carried on by Eastern Byzantine Catholics, and provides a good basis and rationale for unity.

As far as the Oriental Orthodox theology is concerned, I personally find nothing wrong with the filioque theology, fully understanding the distinction between ekporeusai, on the one hand, and proienai/procedit, on the other. I do have a big problem with the term “double procession,” and have strongly advocated for its removal from Latin Catholic terminology in the Apologetics Forum.

Blessings,
Marduk

I see what you mean. Here is more info:

chalcedon.edu/articles/0304/030401uttinger.php

It’s somewhat like the Epiclesis argument.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiclesis

 

[sidbrown]

Exactly. But, after He proceeds from the Father to the Son, He then proceeds from the Son.

First, the Father sends the Holy Spirit to the Son, and then Jesus the Son sends the Holy Spirit.

The Orthodox Church does not admit the filioque.

 

[George14]

The Son says to the Apostles, “Receive the Holy Spirit. Whose sins…”

Is this not a “sending?”

 

[sidbrown]

The Son says to the Apostles, “Receive the Holy Spirit. Whose sins…”

Is this not a “sending?”

According to my understanding of the terms, sending and proceeding are not the same.

 

[SHW]

The Orthodox Church does not admit the filioque.

According to you, they do not believe that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Son also. If this is what they teach, then it is an error in their teaching. It is true that the Holy Spirit proceeds also from the Son as I have shown by the Scripture quotes that I have previously posted.

This is why the one Church that has “Peter” who has the “keys” (Matthew 16:18-19) at its head is the true Church which teaches the whole truth and not partial or incomplete truths. There is only one Church which Jesus founded and He promised that the Holy Spirit would guide it into all truth (John 16:13). Schismatic churches do not possess nor teach the whole truth.

He promised to be with this one (Catholic-universal) Church always, even until the end of the age, which is when He returns at His Second Coming. (Matthew 28:18-20). Since Jesus and the Holy Spirit are with this Church always and He promises that the gates of Hades will not prevail against it, then it cannot possibly teach error. If His one Church ever teaches error, then the gates of Hades will have prevailed and this would make Jesus a liar. So, it is impossible for the Church with Peter at its head to teach error.

 

[sidbrown]

So, it is impossible for the Church with Peter at its head to teach error.

But did not the Church teach in the past that it was acceptable to use torture to extract confessions, whereas today it teaches that it is not acceptable?

 

[SHW]

But did not the Church teach in the past that it was acceptable to use torture to extract confessions, whereas today it teaches that it is not acceptable?

The Church is prevented from teaching error by the Holy Spirit regarding matters of faith and morals only.

Both civil authorities and religious authorities regarded heresy as a terrible crime and it was punishable by torture and death. They used these punishments as a means to “persuade” heretics to recant their heretical beliefs in order to save their souls and also to prevent them from leading others astray by their heretical teachings.

Torture and killing have a long track record of “acceptance” starting with the Israelites, who at God’s command, killed the inhabitants of the promised lands which God gave them, in order to prevent the Israelites from adopting the pagan beliefs of the people in the lands that they conquered and also as punishment for the sins of the pagans in the lands that they conquered.

1 Samuel 15:3
Now go and attack Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, and do not spare them. But kill both man and woman, infant and nursing child, ox and sheep, camel and donkey.’”

We see another example in the Jew Saul, a devout Pharisee, who later became St. Paul. He tortured and killed the early Christians. This was done to keep the Jewish religion “pure” and free from heresy.

Acts 26:9-11
9 “Indeed, I (Paul/Saul) myself thought I must do many things contrary to the name of Jesus of Nazareth. 10 This I also did in Jerusalem, and many of the saints I shut up in prison, having received authority from the chief priests; and when they were put to death, I cast my vote against them. 11 And I punished them often in every synagogue and compelled them to blaspheme; and being exceedingly enraged against them, I persecuted them even to foreign cities.

Unfortunately, civil authorities and members of the Church also later continued this “legacy” of capital punishment for heresy until it was finally outlawed in the 1800’s. Until then, heresy was a capital offense punishable by death. Protestant reformers also killed Catholics and others as punishment for what was believed to be their heretical beliefs.

According to Scripture, anyone who committed heresy (taught a different gospel other than the apostles) was accursed.

Galatians 1:9
As we have said before, so now I say again, if anyone preaches any other gospel to you than what you have received, let him be accursed.

2 Peter 2

In order to prevent heretics from continuing to believe in and/or teach heresy, they used torture and also threatened death and killed in order to try to persuade them to recant of their heresy and thereby save their souls.

They thought it necessary to use torture and death in order to save the souls of heretics.

newadvent.org/cathen/08026a.htm

It is not prudent to use our present 21st century standards to judge ancient Jewish and past Christian (Catholic and Protestant) punishments for heresy. This is what they learned from their predecessors and they continued it until it was finally outlawed in all the “civilized” countries.

 

[sidbrown]

The Church is prevented from teaching error by the Holy Spirit regarding matters of faith and morals only.

Both civil authorities and religious authorities regarded heresy as a terrible crime and it was punishable by torture and death. They used these punishments as a means to “persuade” heretics to recant their heretical beliefs in order to save their souls and also to prevent them from leading others astray by their heretical teachings.

Torture and killing have a long track record of “acceptance” starting with the Israelites, who at God’s command, killed the inhabitants of the promised lands which God gave them, in order to prevent the Israelites from adopting the pagan beliefs of the people in the lands that they conquered and also as punishment for the sins of the pagans in the lands that they conquered.

1 Samuel 15:3
Now go and attack Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, and do not spare them. But kill both man and woman, infant and nursing child, ox and sheep, camel and donkey.’”

We see another example in the Jew Saul, a devout Pharisee, who later became St. Paul. He tortured and killed the early Christians. This was done to keep the Jewish religion “pure” and free from heresy.

Acts 26:9-11
9 “Indeed, I (Paul/Saul) myself thought I must do many things contrary to the name of Jesus of Nazareth. 10 This I also did in Jerusalem, and many of the saints I shut up in prison, having received authority from the chief priests; and when they were put to death, I cast my vote against them. 11 And I punished them often in every synagogue and compelled them to blaspheme; and being exceedingly enraged against them, I persecuted them even to foreign cities.

Unfortunately, civil authorities and members of the Church also later continued this “legacy” of capital punishment for heresy until it was finally outlawed in the 1800’s. Until then, heresy was a capital offense punishable by death. Protestant reformers also killed Catholics and others as punishment for what was believed to be their heretical beliefs.

According to Scripture, anyone who committed heresy (taught a different gospel other than the apostles) was accursed.

Galatians 1:9
As we have said before, so now I say again, if anyone preaches any other gospel to you than what you have received, let him be accursed.

2 Peter 2

In order to prevent heretics from continuing to believe in and/or teach heresy, they used torture and also threatened death and killed in order to try to persuade them to recant of their heresy and thereby save their souls.

They thought it necessary to use torture and death in order to save the souls of heretics.

newadvent.org/cathen/08026a.htm

It is not prudent to use our present 21st century standards to judge ancient Jewish and past Christian (Catholic and Protestant) punishments for heresy. This is what they learned from their predecessors and they continued it until it was finally outlawed in all the “civilized” countries.

But was it an error to go around saying that it was all right to torture people?

 

[SHW]

But was it an error to go around saying that it was all right to torture people?

No, not according to their understanding at the time. It was done in good faith in order to prevent a greater evil “heresy” which renders a person’s soul lost for eternity if he does not repent before death. Saving souls was the most important thing. How they are saved was not.

Mark 9:42-48
“But whoever causes one of these little ones who believe in Me to stumble, it would be better for him if a millstone were hung around his neck, and he were thrown into the sea. 43 If your hand causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter into life maimed, rather than having two hands, to go to hell, into the fire that shall never be quenched— 44 where
‘ Their worm does not die
And the fire is not quenched.’
45 And if your foot causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life lame, rather than having two feet, to be cast into hell, into the fire that shall never be quenched— 46 where
‘ Their worm does not die
And the fire is not quenched.’
47 And if your eye causes you to sin, pluck it out. It is better for you to enter the kingdom of God with one eye, rather than having two eyes, to be cast into hell fire— 48 where
‘ Their worm does not die
And the fire is not quenched.’

It is difficult for us to understand their way of thinking since we were never immersed in their beliefs about torture and capital punishment which they learned from those before them and those persons learned from those before them, all the way back to God commanding the Israelites to kill those persons who did not believe as they did.

Matthew 18:33-35
Should you not also have had compassion on your fellow servant, just as I had pity on you?’ 34 And his master was angry, and delivered him to the torturers until he should pay all that was due to him.
35 “So My heavenly Father also will do to you if each of you, from his heart, does not forgive his brother his trespasses.”

 

[marymol]

catholic.com/thisrock/2001/0109bt.asp

This article (and others at the faith section of this Catholic Answers site ) answer well the pertinent issue .

Something that has been rather surprising to have come across , in these last few days , is the finding of the concept of personification of wisdom as a female , in red … to represent , Christ Himself ! May be , actually hope I am, mistaken in this ! ( some of the icons of same seem to have an amazing resemblance to some very pagan ones !)

Doing a quick search on the two major other churches named after Holy Wisdom, realised the tumultous history of both, just like that of the Mother church , in Constantinople - and atleast two of them , now museums !

Does this entrencehd concept of Holy Wisdom as female , and associated with our Lord, does this make it rather impossible , to see the oneness of our Lord , with The Father …(and , this may even be more than just from a psycholgical area ! ) and hence the resistance , to see The Father , in our Lord too …and there by see the benign and even providential role of the Filioque …

Could the Dogmas, esp. the ones Holy Spirit helped to define , after the division in The Church , could these have been the God sent remedies , by pointing to the glory of The Mother - as in the Dogmas of Immaculate Conception and Assumption …the charism of infallibilty of the Father figure , to trust and honor The Father …

…and even the icon of Divine Mercy , which does glorify what is called the greatest attribute of God, His mercy, and gives glory to The Father …

A look at The Vilnius Image of mercy can easily help -

secure.marianweb.net/giftshop/list.php?DID=106&CLID=230

On another thread, a question was raised ’ How can Rome help …’ in some of the troubled events in the related land … Well, seems like in many other problem areas of The East that were helped by Rome, there is providentail help here too - seems some of the , may be Catholic East is using the title of Holy Wisdom to honor a St Sophia, an early martyr in Rome !

Just as West has accepted with love the Eastern tradition of icons, hope the Divine Mercy icon would be seen as a God sent too , …to help to see the Truth …

Peace !

 

[marymol]

As the world gets ready to welcome a New Year and look behind too , for things to be grateful for , a look far into the past may also be an occasion of gratitude for His mercy …and may be to look for lessons still to be learned …

haciendapub.com/faria4.html

The plague in 540 A.D that hit Constantinople is considered The worst pandemic in human history …

There is the Old Testament narrative of the Philistines capturing the Ark , something akin to the bubonic plague breaking out there and they having returned the Ark, with golden mice as an offering ; some one who noted the connection and thus was supposedly able to point out the need to avoid rat infestation and thus lead to the later control of this malady .

Honor placed in the wrong agents / wrong manner …does that in turn lead to the wrong powers being invited in …

Interestingly, there is also mention of a plague that almost wiped out Rome , soon after completion of the Sistine Chapel paintings ( supposedly , Pope had wanted the paintings to be of the Apostles but that is not what was done ) …could think of that depiction of The Father , with a rather angry expression , as not an occasion of giving Him glory …and only perpetuating that blurred image from misunderstood Old Testament times …

Well, may be The Mother of God would help all her children , with some needed house cleaning and garage sales …all pagan stuff being put away where they belong …money raised , to settle all old accounts with each other … as well as to make up for what could have been , such as in evangelisation etc : and may be such a focus would help even the very intransigent , to take focus off what need not be ( after all, seems their tolerance is very good for children of Islam , to be helpers / workers , even if Catholics are not alllowed in , to these ’ untouchable’ high mountain realms, from where the tone of scorn, for The Father represenatative , still seems to run off strong ! )

May the mercy of our Lord be with us all, all through The Newyear !

 

[marymol]

Hoping to share some thoughts on the percieved reasons as to why the recent Popes may have esp. focused on Church unity …

In its own ironic way, what helped to bring more light into same , is the ’ orthodox confession of faith ’ that was happend upon recently and rather 'accidently ’ …it was an eye opener , to know that they too say the same words -
’ we believe in one, holy Catholic and Apostolc Church '…

contemporaryorthodoxy.com/2009/09/confession-of-faith-against-ecumenism.html

and yet, to come across so much negativity , towards The Holy Father , The Church, the efforts for unity…and add to these the 'anathema ’ pronunciations …

Negativity towards others , such as curses , are known to carry an effect , as many in exorcism ministries seem to warn ( unsure if this is so , if these are unwarranted curses , which still can return to the culprit …) either way, not a good scenario …

Now, there is widespread concern about the laxity of faith , esp. in the West and The East has been dealing with same too , for centuries , through such agents , like Islam …and the divisions that have led to the numerous denominations , which many discern are also a sequela of the earlier divisions …

Is there a real connection in how The Creed gets professed , atleast from some on one side , with such distrust / irereverence towards the Holy Catholic Church …

We can be truly grateful, for our truth discerning and wise leaders , who have seen the need of the times , to listen to our Lord , of the need for unity in faith , and have rose up to the occasion , even at the peril of their lives …

and also to be careful to see to it that the leaven of such negative attitudes do not get carried over , even when efforts to improve relationships are being carried out …

The Divine Mercy prayers, asking for mercy on the whole world, asking for protection of The Precious Blood , also takes on deeper meanings …and the need for our Blessed Mother, Mother of The Lord , to also be a powerful intercessor, to capture all these prayers, from all sides , to be presented from her pure heart , free of all malice …

Again, may the mercy of our Lord be with us all and may The Holy Spirit convert and soften hearts , to see The light of Truth in all areas !

Peace and Blessings !