That certainly fills in the blanks for the framework of Historic Premillinial, Amellinial, Postmillinial and the Millinialist of today…
As you can see, even the premillennialists in early Christianity believed that the faithful living in those days will undergo tribulation, not exempted from it, and that only at the coming of Christ at the last hour will they be caught up to meet Him and share in His glory by reigning with Him in the messianic kingdom before the resurrection of the dead and the final judgment. In technical jargon, they are “post-tribbers”. Which kinda makes more sense to me than Christians being whisked away into safety while all the rest get afflicted with plague and whatnot; after all, didn’t St. Paul say, “
If we have died with him, we will also live with him; if we endure, we will also reign with him”?
I am not so miserable a fellow, Trypho, as to say one thing and think another.
I admitted to you formerly, that I and many others are of this opinion, and [believe] that such will take place, as you assuredly are aware; but, on the other hand, I signified to you that many who belong to the pure and pious faith, and are true Christians, think otherwise. Moreover, I pointed out to you that some who are called Christians, but are godless, impious heretics, teach doctrines that are in every way blasphemous, atheistical, and foolish. But that you may know that I do not say this before you alone, I shall draw up a statement, so far as I can, of all the arguments which have passed between us; in which I shall record myself as admitting the very same things which I admit to you. For I choose to follow not men or men’s doctrines, but God and the doctrines [delivered] by Him. For if you have fallen in with some who are called Christians, but who do not admit this [truth], and venture to blaspheme the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob; who say there is no resurrection of the dead, and that their souls, when they die, are taken to heaven; do not imagine that they are Christians, even as one, if he would rightly consider it, would not admit that the Sadducees, or similar sects of Genistae, Meristae, Galilaeans, Hellenists, Pharisees, Baptists, are Jews (do not hear me impatiently when I tell you what I think), but are [only] called Jews and children of Abraham, worshipping God with the lips, as God Himself declared, but the heart was far from Him.
But I and others, who are right-minded Christians on all points, are assured that there will be a resurrection of the dead, and a thousand years in Jerusalem, which will then be built, adorned, and enlarged, [as] the prophets Ezekiel and Isaiah and others declare.
- St. Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho, 80
Note the way Justin writes about his view: it sounds rather highly defensive. While he first admits that “
many who belong to the pure and pious faith, and are true Christians” hold a different opinion than he does, he later stresses himself and others who hold the same opinion as he as being “
right-minded Christians on all points” as well (going so far as to trace his beliefs to “
John, one of the apostles of Christ, who prophesied, by a revelation that was made to him, that those who believed in our Christ would dwell a thousand years in Jerusalem; and that thereafter the general, and, in short, the eternal resurrection and judgment of all men would likewise take place”) as if there were many who would hold that they were neither correct nor “
right-minded.”
Mention is made earlier that St. Justin is slightly inconsistent in his eschatological views. Why is this? Because in some places, Justin seems to write as if the kingdom is now here, whereas as in the quote above, he thinks that the kingdom is yet to come. In Justin’s
First Apology he laments the Romans’ misunderstanding of endtime expectations. The Romans had assumed that when Christians looked for a kingdom, they were looking for a physical one. Justin corrects this misunderstanding by saying: “
For if we looked for a human kingdom, we should also deny our Christ, that we might not be slain and we should strive to escape detection, that we might obtain what we expect.” (First Apology 11.1-2; also Apol. 52; Dialogue 45.4; 113.3-5; 139.5)