Yes and no. The deist proposes that God designed the world like a mechanical machine and then stepped away from it such that, once created, it would continue to run on its own without interference. This is not what the Church teaches. To quote the Catechism:
God upholds and sustains creation
301 With creation, God does not abandon his creatures to themselves. He not only gives them being and existence, but also, and at every moment, upholds and sustains them in being, enables them to act and brings them to their final end. Recognizing this utter dependence with respect to the Creator is a source of wisdom and freedom, of joy and confidence:
For you love all things that exist, and detest none of the things that you have made; for you would not have made anything if you had hated it. How would anything have endured, if you had not willed it? Or how would anything not called forth by you have been preserved? You spare all things, for they are yours, O Lord, you who love the living.
Rather than stepping back from creation, we believe that God is ever present to it. The universe continues to exist because God’s act of creation persists.
Saint Thomas Aquinas spoke clearly on this doctrine, teaching that God’s act of creation continues, and that this act allows created things to continue to move according to their own operations. This is where I get to the “Yes” part of my response. God is still there, still present, still creating, but allowing things to operate according to what they naturally are. God is the first cause behind everything, but because He permits things to act according to their nature, you can have secondary causes in how these things operate on each other, resulting in inequalities and evils in the world.
I would not divorce God’s will from the evils we experience, though. Not everything is punishment for a specific sin like the ancients believed, but God wills the world to exist and to operate according to its nature, and He knows how things have and do and will play out, and creates such a world even so, with every detail, you and me and each molecule and atom and quark and gluon known fully.