Mickey wrote: The Pope of Rome can define doctrine on his own, without the approval of a council, by virtue of his special charism of infallibility.
"*Contrary to the Orthodox understanding *that Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, Constantinople, and Jerusalem all share equal authority, basing this on episcopal authority derived from their sees and the *supposed equality *of their sees – It is interesting to note that, in Acts 15,
Peter does not act as a bishop of a see. Rather, he is merely a visitor.
Yet, his Petrine office and teaching authority are in place – even over the resident reigning bishop (James). Therefore, the idea that the Pope of Rome’s teaching authority is merely that of a bishop is not sensible.
If, as the Orthodox maintain, the Pope of Rome is the successor of Peter, it therefore follows that he succeeds to Peter’s unique ministry and to a teaching office that is superior to the rest of the episcopate. Therefore, even if the Schism was a 4 to 1 split, as the Orthodox say, they would still be the ones in error. As St. John Chrysostom puts it: "And if one should say, ‘How then did James receive the throne of Jerusalem?,’
this I would answer that He appointed this man (Peter) teacher, not of that throne, but of the whole world." (Chrysostom, In Joan Hom). That’s a Papacy, my friend. 
He is not a one-man Council because a Council isn’t what the Orthodox think it is. As with Jerusalem, a Council goes like this:
(A) The bishops meet to examine the matter (Acts 15:6)
(B) They debate (Acts 15:7)
(C) The Petrine office renders a decision **BASED ON THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THE DEBATE **(which is what a Council is for). (Acts 15:7-11)
(D) The Petrine position, which is now the official teaching of the Magisterium, is explained for those parties who have trouble understanding it (Acts 15:12-19)
(E) Amendments may be made for the sake of peace (Acts 15:20 and 28-29)
(F) A document is drafted to convey the Council’s decision to the faithful
Therefore, the Orthodox mis-characterization of the Papacy as a “one-man council” does not stand. If one considers the last three ex cathedra declarations by the Pope (The Immaculate Conception, the Assumption, and forbidding female priesthood), NONE of them were proclaimed without step B.
With the Immaculate Conception, the Pope polled the bishops to see if there was any reasonable objection. There was none (since it was after 700 years of theological examination of the doctrine),
so Peter spoke.
The Pope is not a “one-man council” because he does not speak alone. Not at first, anyway. He must draw his teaching from the debate in question. So, with female priests, the Pope listened to the debate, and ruled in favor of Tradition. “Women cannot be priest because they cannot image Christ the Bridegroom.” Yet, this decision was
not made without considering the debate, or even the views of the liberal bishops. Their views, however, did not fit with the truth (Acts 15:7-11).
And thus, Peter spoke. This is what the Petrine office does. This is its purpose. So, we have
(1) A Council, the purpose of which is to debate and present all sides.
(2)
The Papal Magisterium, the purpose of which is to pick the correct side and champion it. This is where infallibility comes in. The Papacy approves of the orthodox doctrine, and the Council ratifies the Papacy’s teaching for all: signifying that they have all assented to it, coming to agreement on this matter. (Acts 15:22)
So, a Council is only necessary when the matter must be seriously debated, that is, when the matter is not apparently unorthodox (e.g. women priests). Otherwise, the direct magisterium (the Chair of Peter) can act on its own. As it did with the issue of female priests.
However, the Eastern Orthodox, who have reduced the magisterium to Ecumenical Council alone, cannot act in this way and are vulnerable in 2 ways:
(1) They **cannot judge things alien to the Depost of Faith **(i.e., modern birth control, cloning, social justice issues). And
(2)
They cannot produce universal agreement on matters within the Deposit of Faith (i.e., one bishop interprets Tradition this way, another that way. Whose position is correct?)
Yet 1 and 2 above are **precisely the description of the Petrine ministry, a ministry established by Christ to guard and proclaim orthodox doctrine and to preserve unity in that truth – the very things Eastern Orthodoxy lacks
in its application of the Apostolic Faith."