Great reference Kepha1 - thanks.
I am able to see some comments in that piece from Catholic theologian Ott that apply in general to all the early fathers and help us get past prior problems I was having in explaining to non-Catholics the lexicon of “symbol” and “sign” not meaning “metaphorical” or “symbolic”. Brian was triggering off the word “symbol” like a hungry fish waiting for bread cast on the waters in the various ECF translations to be evidence for early church belief in "symbolic"presence in opposition to real-presence. But Ott makes it much clearer than my feable attempt accomplished in explaining to non-Catholics that this inconsistent expression in the ECF writings is a result of an evolving Christian-Catholic language expression. Non-Catholics just do not understand the concept of “sacrament” having both a material “symbolic” or sign property as well as a supernatural and spiritual essence since they are not as intimate with it in their daily lives like Catholics are. That is creating an empasse here and proving to be “the stumbling stone” and the sign of contradiction that the Jews fell over too just as prophesied
Romans 9:32-33 Why not? Because they pursued it [righteousness] not by faith but as if it were by works. They stumbled over the “stumbling stone.“just as it is written,” BEHOLD, I LAY IN ZION A STONE OF STUMBLING AND A ROCK OF OFFENSE, AND HE WHO BELIEVES IN HIM WILL NOT BE DISAPPOINTED.”
1 Peter 2 This precious value, then, is for you who believe; but for those who disbelieve, “THE STONE WHICH THE BUILDERS REJECTED, THIS BECAME THE VERY CORNER stone,” 8 and, “A STONE OF STUMBLING AND A ROCK OF OFFENSE”;
for they stumble because they are disobedient to the word, and to this doom they were also appointed. 9But you are A CHOSEN RACE, A royal PRIESTHOOD, A HOLY NATION, A PEOPLE FOR God’s OWN POSSESSION, so that you may proclaim the excellencies of Him who has called you out of darkness into His marvelous light;
Luke 2:34-35 And Simeon blessed them, and said to Mary his mother: Behold this child is set for the fall, and for the resurrection of many in Israel, and for
a sign which shall be contradicted; 35And thy own soul a sword shall pierce, that, out of many hearts, thoughts may be revealed.
Ludwig Ott states it this way:
(1) The early Fathers were bound by the discipline of the secret, which referred above all to the Eucharist (cf. Origen, In Lev hom 9,10);
(2) The absence of any heretical counter-proposition often resulted in a certain carelessness of expression to which must be added the lack of a developed TERMINOLOGY to distinguish the sacramental mode of existence of Christ’s body from its natural mode of existence once on earth;
(3) The Fathers were concerned to resist a grossly sensual conception of the Eucharistic Banquet and to stress the necessity of the spiritual reception in Faith and in Charity (in contradistinction to the external, merely sacramental reception); passages often refer to the symbolical character of the Eucharist as “THE SIGN OF UNITY” [St. Augustine, Sermon 272; Homilies on John 26:13];
THIS IN NO WISE EXCLUDES the Real Presence. (see Ott, page 377-8)
The word “symbol” is used all through the Catholic Church since we do hold to the original Early Church Father mystical understandings of Christ present in Eucharist. The Church itself, its altar, its Creed etc. are all symbols of our supernatural faith - a faith that transcends mere human estate and understanding. Mere human faith can not save - only supernatural faith can save. The signs we Catholic acknowledge, see and use as instruments of worship & grace in the Catholic Church are evidence which reveal to both the senses and the inner spirit the"real" spiritual-material essences of our faith. Catholicism is much more mystical & spiritually deep than most “average” Catholics even begin to understand. The Church itself is a mystical body by which Catholics commune with the Divine and the divine mysteries daily in our liturgy.
Both catholic and non-Catholic should search the
catechism on “sign” then “symbol” then “eucharist” to get an eye-popping glimpse of the amazingly rich and wonderful spiritual depth present in Catholicism.
Catechism:*
189 The first “profession of faith” is made during Baptism.** The symbol of faith** is first and foremost the baptismal creed. Since Baptism is given “in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit”, the truths of faith professed during Baptism are articulated in terms of their reference to the three persons of the Holy Trinity.
188
The Greek word symbolon meant half of a broken object, for example, a seal presented as a token of recognition. The broken parts were placed together to verify the bearer’s identity. The symbol of faith [Creed], then, is a sign of recognition and communion between believers. Symbolon also means a gathering, collection or summary. A symbol of faith is a summary of the principal truths of the faith and therefore serves as the first and fundamental point of reference for catechesis.
1327
In brief, the Eucharist is the sum and summary of our faith: "Our way of thinking is attuned to the Eucharist, and the Eucharist in turn confirms our way of thinking."
1325 “The Eucharist is the
efficacious sign and
sublime cause of that communion in the divine life and that unity of the People of God by which the Church is kept in being. It is the culmination both of God’s action sanctifying the world in Christ and of the worship men offer to Christ and through him to the Father in the Holy Spirit.”
*
BF