In your post, all you do is attempt to editorialise what I say and to put words in my mouth. If we are to have a discussion, you have to leave the description of my position to me, rather than attempting to tell me what I think. We had this situation once before when you pronounced that you knew better than I do what value I am able to take from religious literature. To be honest, I feel that I am being unwise in attempting to engage you again in a constructive way, because history says that you will twist what I say and turn it into simplistic propaganda.
I can understand your view well enough from the above answer.
There, you see. I didn’t give an answer or a view. I asked you a question in order to understand your difficulty in reconciling morality with atheism. Here it is again. Perhaps, you’ll answer it this time:
Do you think that without God:
- we wouldn’t *know *what was moral and immoral, or
- we wouldn’t *care *what was moral or immoral, or
- the difference between morality and immorality would not exist?
Materialist philosophy works only with the laws of nature (evolution) acting on material properties. “Freedom” or “the obligation” to do what is morally right does not exist since the laws of nature drive all of nature (from the emergence of the first cell to the evolution of apes).
So you would you say that obligations must be imposed by an external agent? The obligation of parents to care for their children is universally recognised, and to neglect them is universally deemed reprehensible. This does not depend on whether this is viewed from a Christian, a Hindu, a Buddhist, a Jovian or an atheist perspective.
Some kind of moral norms can be imposed by the community or by a tyrant but these will have some kind of pragmatic purpose or end. A transcendent future state and a final judgement from a personal Creator does not exist so there are no consequences for immoral behavior beyond what the community might impose (although any individual can “get way with” violations of the moral laws).
So is your argument that morality derives from the possibility of punishment in an afterlife?
Again, these would not be “obligations” but merely evolutionary patterns determined for individuals. It seems that evolutionary success in the population co-exists with egotism, tyranny, slavery, and aggressive warfare so whatever “morality” results from the natural law would have to include such activities as being “moral”.
I hardly should have to remind you that Catholicism supported as moral the Divine Right of Kings, the Crusades, slavery, torture, imperialism and various other practices that we now regard as immoral. I am not claiming that the Church is an evil institution - in fact, it does immense good in its ministry to the poor and the sick, and in education. I am merely pointing out that the Church has no monopoly on discerning morality, or establishing a universal and constant moral code. The sensibilities of the Church have developed at the same time as the rest of society, and it is subject to the same societal norms as every other institution.
Nazis, mafia, suicide-terrorists and nihilists of various stripes each have some kind of “moral code” but it’s directed at a purpose and each would have to be justified by evolutionary-philosophy, as I see it.
Well, it’s impossible to sweep the debates about normative ethics under the carpet. The Albigensian crusaders, the Christian persecutors of Jews throughout Europe (notoriously in Spain - anti-semitism did not start with the Nazis but had its roots deep in Christian Europe), the forced converters of Central and South American people all have a moral code too. Again, I am not singling out the Church, merely pointing out that it has condoned things which today, we would regard as wrong. Normative ethical debate resulting in changes of view occur in the Church, as they do in the rest of society.
If there was no God, I could imagine that “survival” or perhaps hedonism of some kind would be the ultimate reason for doing things. But ultimately, it’s the classic problem for atheism - namely, that death is the complete end for the individual person and whatever came before is meaningless.
Again - you have failed to answer my question:
What is the highest or ultimate reason for which we should do or shouldn’t do things?
I am trying to understand your position on morality.
Alec
evolutionpages.com