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In the 1940’s, Marxist-Leninist ideology was the epistemological premise of what was euphemistically called “Soviet Science,” and the Russian Academy bestowed its highest honors on such dim lights in biology as T. D. Lysenko. All Western science, even Charles Darwin’s “Origin of Species”, was denounced as invalid on the grounds that it was subservient to bourgeois capitalist imperialism. Although Karl Marx had openly admired Darwin, this later ideology was rooted in the Neo-Marxian theory of science which first arose around 1930, and which subsequently became the official doctrine of the USSR under Stalin. Lysenko contributed to the Communist Party’s campaign against “bourgeois science,” and his particular bailiwick was the debunking of Gregor Mendel’s genetics. Michael Polanyi reported that, “The new position was finally established when in August, 1948, Lysenko triumphantly announced to the Academy of Science that his biological views had been approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party and members rose as one man to acclaim this decision.”
Now, Lysenko held that acquired skills and learning could be passed along genetically to one’s offspring, which was presumed to be particularly fruitful when a government is trying to solidify a totalitarian state. And Lysenko did support his hypothesis with convincing but carefully selected evidence. However, this kind of endorsement was eventually the undoing of the Russian Academy’s credibility in international science, for reasons described by Hannah Arendt in her book, “The Burden of Our Time” (London, 1951). Arendt wrote, “Its members’ [the Communist Party’s] whole education is aimed at abolishing their capacity for distinguishing truth from fiction. Their superiority consists in the ability immediately to dissolve every statement of fact into a declaration of purpose.”
Continued…
Now, Lysenko held that acquired skills and learning could be passed along genetically to one’s offspring, which was presumed to be particularly fruitful when a government is trying to solidify a totalitarian state. And Lysenko did support his hypothesis with convincing but carefully selected evidence. However, this kind of endorsement was eventually the undoing of the Russian Academy’s credibility in international science, for reasons described by Hannah Arendt in her book, “The Burden of Our Time” (London, 1951). Arendt wrote, “Its members’ [the Communist Party’s] whole education is aimed at abolishing their capacity for distinguishing truth from fiction. Their superiority consists in the ability immediately to dissolve every statement of fact into a declaration of purpose.”
Continued…