What are the differences!!?
Is there a book or article I can read? I’ve never had any experience in this arena!
Spirituality is a difficult concept to define precisely, but it has to do with the manner in which that we live out our faith, namely, what aspects of Christian faith do we emphasize in practice. It’s about emphasizing certain aspects of Christian life over others and taking inspiration from certain people or writings.
In Catholicism, some of the basic spiritualities are those listed in the poll and listed by others posting here. If you join a religious order, or decide to become an associate or “third order” of a particular religious order as a layperson, you read about the life of the founder or foundress, the history of the religious order, and writings of prominent members of the order. You learn about its primary works and important spiritual practices. These shape your experience of God as a Catholic and color how you live out your faith in the world.
For example, if you have a Jesuit spirituality, you would likely read the Autobiography of St. Ignatius of Loyola, the founder, learn about the history of the Jesuits, and perhaps also read about Jesuits throughout that history and their writings such as Francis Xavier (missionary to India), Matteo Ricci (missionary to China), etc. You would probably do (or desire to do) the
Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius, a 30-day retreat or an adaptation of the
Spiritual Exercises for those who can’t do the 30-day retreat format. I’ve done both the 30-day silent retreat and an adaptation that took place over 9 months and involved daily prayer ro 60-90 minutes, spiritual direction, group get-togethers with talks and discussion, etc. Jesuit spirituality was focused on active ministry, the desire to “find God in all things” (including the sciences, the arts, etc.), education, and missionary activity. There is a big emphasis on a particularly approach to discerning God’s will, particularly as it relates to ministry.
Jesuit spirituality does not tend to emphasize contemplative prayer and solitude in the context of community, and devotion to Mary, as in Carmelite spirituality; lectio divina, dedication to a particular community, hospitality, liturgy and obedience to the abbot or abbess, as in Benedictine spirituality; or asceticism, withdrawal from the world, and solitude as in Desert or Carthusian spirituality; or direct, joyful service to the poor and abandoned as in the Missionaries of Charity, Mother Theresa’s order.
Just a few thoughts. I’m not sure that I know a particular book or books that describe various Catholic spiritualities, but I am aware of quite a few that describe individual spiritualities, such as Ignatian, Benedictine, Carmelite, Dominican, Franciscan, etc.